Up and Down Stairs - Jeremy Musson [168]
54. Russell, p. 63.
55. Russell, p. 64.
56. Russell, p. 65.
57. Russell, p. 66.
58. Russell, p. 68.
59. Russell, pp. 69–70.
60. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, pp. 14–16.
61. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 20.
62. Woolgar, p. 15.
63. Phyllis Cunnington, Costume of Household Servants (1974), pp. 15–30.
64. Sim, pp. 72–4.
65. Woolgar, p. 25.
66. C.L. Kingsford, Stonor Letter Papers (1996), p. 21.
67. Northumberland Household Book (1511), in (ed.) Williams, (1966), pp. 1088–9.
68. ‘Northumberland Household Book 1511’, in (ed.) Williams, (1966), pp. 905–9. The date is now usually given as 1511/12.
69. Goodall, English Castle Architecture.
70. J. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and The English People (1984).
71. Shorter Oxford Dictionary (1972), p. 835: ‘Of unknown etymology’; the original sense seems to be ‘Boy, male child’.
72. ‘Northumberland Household Book (1511)’ in (ed.) Williams, (1966), p. 906.
73. Peter Ackroyd, The Life of Thomas More (1999), p. 255.
74. ‘Northumberland Household Book (1511)’ in (ed.) Williams, (1966), p. 1089.
75. For early brewing, see Peter Sambrook, Country House Brewing: 1500–1900 (1996).
76. Kate Mertes, The English Noble Household, 1250–1600 (1988), pp. 1–17 and 103–36.
77. Woolgar, p. 39.
78. Woolgar, pp. 32–3.
79. Luttrell Psalter (ff. 207v–208), see Janet Backhouse, The Luttrell Psalter (1989).
80. P.W. Fleming, ‘Household Servants of the Yorkist and Early Tudor Gentry’ in Early Tudor England (1989), p. 29.
81. Sim, p. 69.
82. Woolgar, p. 38.
83. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 16; and Molly Harrison (ed.), How They Lived, Vol. II, p. 167.
84. Douglas Gray, ‘Geoffrey Chaucer (1340–1400)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9).
85. Ackroyd, Life of Thomas More, p. 29.
86. Mark Thornton Burnett, Masters and Servants in English Renaissance Drama and Culture (1997), p. 177.
87. Rosemary O’Day, ‘Roger Ascham (1514/15–1568)’, New Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9).
88. Goodall, English Castle Architecture.
89. Sim, p. 84.
90. Woolgar, pp. 87–9.
91. George Cavendish, The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey, first published by early English Text Society (No. 243), Oxford University Press, London 1959, edited by R.S. Sylvester, and accessible on the University of Toronto website ‘Renaissance English Texts’ Web Development Group, University of Toronto Library, 1997, general editor: Lan Lancashire; see (afterwards cited as Cavendish), http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/ret/cavendish/cavendish.html.
92. Cavendish, pp. 1–23.
93. Cavendish, p. 68.
94. Susan Groom et al., The Taste of Fire (2007).
95. Sim, pp. 81–2.
96. Maurice Howard, The Early Tudor Country House: Architecture and Politics 1490–1550 (1987), pp. 72–8.
97. Sim, p. 82.
98. Sim, p. 82.
99. John Russell, ‘Book of Courtesy’, in Edith Rickert and D.J. Naylor, Babee’s Book: Medieval Manners for the Young (1908), pp. 79–121.
100. Woolgar, pp. 61–3.
101. Howard, p. 73.
102. Information on Westenhanger from the architect Charles Bain-Smith.
103. Howard, p. 72.
104. Woolgar, p. 73.
105. George Edelen (ed.), The Description of England by William Harrison (1968), p. 201.
106. Alice Friedman, House and Household in Elizabethan England: Wollaton Hall and the Willoughby Family (1988), pp. 41–5 (afterwards Friedman).
107. Friedman, p. 44–5.
108. Friedman, pp. 44–5.
109. Friedman, Appendix A, ‘The Willoughby Household Orders of 1572’, pp. 185–6.
110. Friedman, p. 185.
111. Friedman, p. 186.
112. Friedman, p. 186.
113. Friedman, p. 186.
114. I.M., A Health to the Gentlemanly Profession of Serving-Men (1598) (Shakespeare Association Facsimile 1931), afterwards cited as A Health.
115. A Health, fol. B2 verso.
116. A Health, fol. B3 recto.
117. A Health, fol. B3 recto.