Up and Down Stairs - Jeremy Musson [167]
35. Philip Ziegler, Osbert Sitwell (1999), p. 11.
Chapter 1: The Visible and Glorious Household
1. Peter Fleming, Family and Household in Medieval England (2000), p. 7.
2. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 8.
3. Woolgar, pp. 9 and 10.
4. Woolgar, p. 4.
5. Fleming, p. 29.
6. Alison Sim, Masters and Servants in Tudor England (2006), pp. 69–79.
7. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 71.
8. Woolgar, p. 1.
9. For the surviving titles of the royal household, see http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/OfficialRoyalposts/OfficialRoyalposts.aspx.
10. John Goodall, English Castle Architecture, 1066–1086, forthcoming from Yale University Press. I am very grateful to Dr Goodall for the opportunity to read in draft his chapter on the household.
11. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, pp. 14–18.
12. The National Trust Handbook (2009).
13. Goodall, English Castle Architecture.
14. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 71.
15. Goodall, English Castle Architecture.
16. ‘The Household Book of Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland’, usually known as ‘the Northumberland Household Book’ (Sections 43–9), as reprinted in English Historical Documents: 1485–1558, 1996, pp. 905–9, edited by C.H. Williams (hereafter cited as Northumberland Household Book (1511/12)): for a web site version, see Victoria.tc.ca/~tgodwin/duncanweb/documents/Northumberland.html. I was very privileged to see the original in the Duke of Northumberland’s estates archives at Alnwick Castle; there is also an eighteenth-century edition, edited by Thomas Percy.
17. Goodall, English Castle Architecture, and Woolgar, p. 50.
18. Norman Davis (ed.), The Paston Letters (1983), p. 111.
19. Paston Letters, p. 76.
20. Paston Letters, p. 76.
21. Paston Letters, pp. 54–5.
22. P.W. Fleming, ‘Household servants of the Yorkist and early Tudor gentry’, in Early Tudor England (1989), p. 31.
23. Colin Richmond, ‘Paston family’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9).
24. Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act IV, scene v.
25. Mark Girouard, ‘Sir John Thynne (1512/13–1580)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9).
26. John Russell, ‘The Book of Nurture’, (afterwards cited as Russell) as published in Edith Rickert and D.F. Naylor, Babee’s Book: Medieval Manners for the Young: Done into Modern English from Dr Furnivall’s Texts; see also ‘Book of Courtesy’, pp. 79–121. (1908), pp. 26–38.
27. Kenneth Vickers, Humphry Duke of Gloucester: A Biography (1907), and G.-L. Harris, ‘Humphry, Duke of Gloucester (1391–1447)’ in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9).
28. Peter Brears, The Boke of Keruynge (2003), pp. 2–3, and Molly Harrison and D.H. Royston, How They Lived, Vol. II, p. 166–7.
29. Woolgar, pp. 34–5.
30. Peter Fleming, Family and Household in Medieval England (2002).
31. Dorothy Stuart, English Abigail (1946), p. 2.
32. Douglas Gray, ‘John Russell’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9).
33. Russell, p. 27; Stanley Ager and Fiona St Aubyn, The Butler’s Guide to Clothes Care, Managing the Table, Running the Home & Other Graces (1980), p. 11, has retired butler Mr Ager’s memories, looking back to the 1920s when he recalled: ‘A cook was usually very bad-tempered; if she wasn’t struggling against a clock, she was struggling against an oven.’ I am grateful to Mrs Gill Joyce for permission to quote from her father’s memoir.
34. Russell, p. 76.
35. Brears, p. 2.
36. Russell, p. 56.
37. Russell, p. 52.
38. Russell, p. 50.
39. Woolgar, p. 136.
40. Russell, p. 51.
41. Russell, p. 51.
42. Russell, p. 52.
43. Russell, p. 52.
44. Russell, p. 52.
45. Woolgar, pp. 22–3.
46. Russell, pp. 54–5.
47. Russell, pp. 55–6.
48. Russell, p. 62.
49. Russell, pp. 58–9.
50. Sim, p. 99, and Woolgar, p. 159.
51. Russell, p. 62.
52. Russell, p. 58.
53. Russell, pp.