Up and Down Stairs - Jeremy Musson [174]
26. Petworth Guidebook; and conversation with the curator, Dai Evans.
27. Adams, p. 7.
28. Adams, p. 7 and M.K. Ashley, Joseph Ashley of Tysoe 1859–1919: a study of village life (1961), pp. 146–7.
29. Adams, p. 52.
30. Pamela Horn, The Rise and Fall of the Victorian Servant (1995), p. 62.
31. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 65.
32. Elizabeth Mavor, ‘Lady Eleanor Butler (1739–1829) and Sarah Ponsonby (1755–1831)’, in Oxford Dictionary of Biography (2004–9).
33. Information from Lydia Lebus.
34. Horn, Rise and Fall, pp. 50–2; Waterson, The Servants’ Hall (1990), pp. 81–2.
35. Duchess of Devonshire, The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth (1982), p. 172.
36. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 63.
37. Hardyment, p. 50.
38. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 64.
39. Waterfield, p. 18.
40. Information from Christopher Ridgway, curator of Castle Howard.
41. Hartcup, p. 45.
42. Adams, p. 51.
43. Beeton, para 55.
44. Beeton, paras 55–62.
45. Hartcup, pp. 57–8.
46. Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy, The Rise and Fall of the British Nanny (1972), pp. 68–9 (afterwards Gathorne-Hardy).
47. Adams, p. 254.
48. Beeton, para 2397.
49. Gathorne-Hardy, p. 17.
50. Gathorne-Hardy, p. 303.
51. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 79.
52. Gathorne-Hardy, p. 26.
53. Hartcup, p. 111.
54. Thanks to Lydia Lebus for identifying this.
55. Maria Edgeworth, letter of 1 January 1820, published in Augustus Hare (ed.), Life and Letters of Maria Edgeworth (1894).
56. Hartcup, p. 111.
57. Adams, pp. 272–3.
58. Elizabeth Smith, Memoirs of a Highland Lady (1911), pp. 172–4.
59. Kathryn Hughes, The Victorian Governess (1983), p. 91; Alice Renton, Tyrant or Victim: A History of the British Governess (1991), pp. 74–5.
60. Hughes, Victorian Governess, p. 59.
61. G. Berkeley, My Life and Recollections (1865), pp. 99–101.
62. Adams, p. 194.
63. Beeton, para 84.
64. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 71.
65. Beeton, para 85.
66. Adams, pp. 233–4.
67. Andrew Hann, ‘The Service Wing at Audley End House’ report (2007), p. 13 with thanks to Dr Hann and his English Heritage colleagues for sharing their research so readily; this research informs the current presentation of the servants’ areas at Audley End.
68. Hartcup, p. 58.
69. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 67; Hartcup, p. 50.
70. Adams, pp. 236–7.
71. Beeton, paras 2243–63.
72. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 68.
73. Hartcup, pp. 33–4.
74. Horn, p. 167.
75. Adams, pp. 276–7.
76. Adams, p. 235; Hartcup, p. 57.
77. Adams, p. 277.
78. Adams, p. 280; Hardyment, pp. 62–7.
79. Adams, p. 281.
80. Hartcup, p. 57.
81. Hartcup, p. 83.
82. Gerard, p. 245; Turner, p. 263.
83. Countess of Fingall, Seventy Years Young (1937), p. 208.
84. William Lanceley, From Hall-Boy to House-Steward (1925), p. 16 (afterwards Lanceley).
85. Adams, p. 294.
86. Dorothy Howell-Thomas, Goodwood: Letters from Below Stairs (1976), p. 7, with many thanks to Rosemary Baird of Goodwood House for drawing my attention to this.
87. Beeton, para 2373.
88. Beeton, paras 2374–87.
89. Beeton, para 2387
90. Beeton, paras 2387.
91. Hann, p. 40.
92. Beeton, para 2357ff.
93. Adams, p. 295.
94. Beeton, paras 2364–8.
95. Adams, p. 336.
96. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 90.
97. Adams, p. 338.
98. Beeton, para 2155.
99. This is also evident from earlier periods, as in D.R. Hainsworth, Stewards, Lords and People (1992).
100. Caroline Wood, ‘Music-Making in a Yorkshire Country House’, in Nineteenth Century British Music Studies’, ed. Zon Bennet (1999), p. 222, thanks to Jane Troughton for drawing my attention to this.
101. Hartcup, p. 26.
102. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 91.
103. Lanceley, p. 41.
104. Adams, pp. 339–40.
105. Beeton, para 2164.
106. Adams, pp. 340–1.
107. Glanville (ed.), Elegant Eating, pp. 50–1 and Beeton, para 2188.
108. Wilton Household