Western Civilization_ Volume B_ 1300 to 1815 - Jackson J. Spielvogel [380]
Culture and Society in the Enlightenment
Innovations in Art, Music, and Literature
FILM & HISTORY
A MADEUS (1984)
The High Culture of the Eighteenth Century
Crime and Punishment
The World of Medicine
Popular Culture
Religion and the Churches
The Institutional Church
Popular Religion in the Eighteenth Century
Chapter Summary
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Review
18 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: EUROPEAN STATES, INTERNATIONAL WARS, AND SOCIAL CHANGE
The European States
Enlightened Absolutism?
The Atlantic Seaboard States
FILM & HISTORY
M ARIE A NTOINETTE (2006)
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
E NLIGHTENED A BSOLUTISM : E NLIGHTENED OR A BSOLUTE?
The Mediterranean World
The Scandinavian States
Enlightened Absolutism Revisited
Wars and Diplomacy
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748)
The Seven Years’ War (1756–1763)
European Armies and Warfare
Economic Expansion and Social Change
Growth of the European Population
Family, Marriage, and Birthrate Patterns
An Agricultural Revolution?
New Methods of Finance
European Industry
Mercantile Empires and Worldwide Trade
The Social Order of the Eighteenth Century
The Peasants
The Nobility
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
T HE A RISTOCRATIC W AY OF L IFE
The Inhabitants of Towns and Cities
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter Timeline
19 A REVOLUTION IN POLITICS: THE ERA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON
The Beginning of the Revolutionary Era: The American Revolution
The War for Independence
Forming a New Nation
Impact of the American Revolution on Europe
Background to the French Revolution
Social Structure of the Old Regime
Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy
The French Revolution
From Estates-General to a National Assembly
Destruction of the Old Regime
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
T HE N ATURAL R IGHTS OF THE F RENCH P EOPLE : T WO V IEWS
The Radical Revolution
Reaction and the Directory
The Age of Napoleon
The Rise of Napoleon
The Domestic Policies of Emperor Napoleon
Napoleon’s Empire and the European Response
The Fall of Napoleon
Chapter Summary
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Review
GLOSSARY
CHAPTER NOTES
INDEX