Western Civilization_ Volume B_ 1300 to 1815 - Jackson J. Spielvogel [379]
The Rise of Lutheranism
Organizing the Church
Germany and the Reformation: Religion and Politics
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation
Lutheranism in Scandinavia
The Zwinglian Reformation
The Radical Reformation: The Anabaptists
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
A R EFORMATION D EBATE : C ONFLICT AT M ARBURG
The Reformation in England
John Calvin and Calvinism
The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation
The Family
Education in the Reformation
Religious Practices and Popular Culture
The Catholic Reformation
Revival of the Old
The Society of Jesus
A Revived Papacy
The Council of Trent
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century
The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)
Philip II and Militant Catholicism
Revolt of the Netherlands
The England of Elizabeth
FILM & HISTORY
E LIZABETH (1998)
Chapter Summary
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Review
14 EUROPE AND THE WORLD: NEW ENCOUNTERS, 1500–1800
On the Brink of a New World
The Motives for Expansion
The Means for Expansion
New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires
The Development of a Portuguese Maritime Empire
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
S PICES AND W ORLD T RADE
Voyages to the New World
The Spanish Empire in the New World
New Rivals on the World Stage
Africa: The Slave Trade
The West in Southeast Asia
The French and British in India
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
W EST M EETS E AST : A N E XCHANGE OF R OYAL L ETTERS
China
Japan
The Americas
The Impact of European Expansion
The Conquered
FILM & HISTORY
T HE M ISSION (1986)
The Conquerors
Toward a World Economy
Economic Conditions in the Sixteenth Century
The Growth of Commercial Capitalism
Mercantilism
Overseas Trade and Colonies: Movement Toward Globalization
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter Timeline
15 STATE BUILDING AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Social Crises, War, and Rebellions
The Witchcraft Craze
The Thirty Years’ War
A Military Revolution?
Rebellions
The Practice of Absolutism: Western Europe
Absolute Monarchy in France
The Reign of Louis XIV (1643–1715)
The Decline of Spain
Absolutism in Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe
The German States
Italy: From Spanish to Austrian Rule
Russia: From Fledgling Principality to Major Power
The Great Northern States
The Ottoman Empire
The Limits of Absolutism
Limited Monarchy and Republics
The Weakness of the Polish Monarchy
The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic
England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
D UTCH D OMESTICITY
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
O LIVER C ROMWELL : T HREE P ERSPECTIVES
The Flourishing of European Culture
The Changing Faces of Art
A Wondrous Age of Theater
Chapter Summary
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Review
16 TOWARD A NEW HEAVEN AND A NEW EARTH: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE
Background to the Scientific Revolution
Ancient Authors and Renaissance Artists
Technological Innovations and Mathematics
Renaissance Magic
Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy
Copernicus
Brahe
Kepler
Galileo
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
A N EW H EAVEN? F AITH V ERSUS R EASON
Newton
Advances in Medicine and Chemistry
Paracelsus
Vesalius
William Harvey
Chemistry
Women in the Origins of Modern Science
Margaret Cavendish
Maria Merian
Maria Winkelmann
Debates on the Nature of Women
Toward a New Earth: Descartes, Rationalism, and a New View of Humankind
The Scientific Method and the Spread of Scientific Knowledge
The Scientific Method
The Spread of Scientific Knowledge
Science and Religion
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter Timeline
17 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: AN AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
The Enlightenment
The Paths to Enlightenment
The Philosophes and Their Ideas
The Social Environment of the Philosophes
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
W OMEN IN