World on Fire - Brownstein, Michael [175]
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15. See Gordon A. Craig, Germany, 1866–1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), pp. 80–86, 119–24, 312, 470, 478, and Hajo Holborn, A History of Modern Germany, 1840–1945 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), pp. 374–83.
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16. These statistics about poverty and economic distress in Weimar Germany are from Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, pp. 435, 450–55, and Hans Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy, Elborg Forester and Larry Jones, trans. (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1996) (1989), pp. 117–18. On the chronic housing shortage, see Richard Bessel, Germany after the First World War (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), pp. 167–94.
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17. The figures regarding the Jewish economic position in Weimar Germany are based on: Richard Grunberger, The 12-Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany, 1933–1945 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1995) (1971), p. 456; Holborn, A History of Modern Germany, 1840–1945, p. 279; and Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980), pp. 13–15.
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18. James Pool, Who Financed Hitler (New York: Pocket Books, 1997), pp. 63, 301–5.
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19. Holborn, A History of Modern Germany, 1840–1945, pp. 278–79, and Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany, p. 16.
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20. Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996), p. 40.
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21. See Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, p. 153; Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners, pp. 284–85; and Pool, Who Financed Hitler, pp. xxxi, 79.
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22. See Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners, p. 113; Grunberger, The 12-Year Reich, p. 456; and Peter Pulzer, The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria (rev. ed.) (London: Peter Halban Publishers, 1988), pp. 144–45. The quote from Martin Luther is from Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (rev. ed.) (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985), volume 1, p. 16.
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23. On the rapid marketization during the Weimar period, see Bessel, Germany after the First World War, pp. 143, 164–65; Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, pp. 451–52; and Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy, pp. 116–18, 121, 125, 134. As to Weimar democratization, see Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, pp. 397, 416.
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24. Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, p. 550.
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25. Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners, p. 85.
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26. See Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, pp. 550–51; Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy, pp. 345–47; Pool, Who Financed Hitler, pp. 107–14, 152, 301–5; and Pulzer, The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria, pp. 281–82. The quote regarding “National Socialist bread prices” is from Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, p. 550.
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27. Craig, Germany, 1866–1945, pp. 633–37, 750.
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28. The statistics on Korean market dominance are from Heather MacDonald, “Their American Nightmare,” Washington Post, May 7, 1995, p. C1, and William Booth, “Mercy for the Motherland,” Washington Post, December 21, 1997, p. A1. On the black beauty products industry, see Philip Dine, “Blacks Resent Korean Competition,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 30, 1995, p. 1B.
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29. On the Flatbush boycott, see MacDonald, “Their American Nightmare,” p. C1. On the Los Angeles riots, see “Rebuilding South Central,” California Journal, July 1, 1997. For Norman Reide’s quote, see Wendell Jamieson, “Rev. Al’s Friend Pushed Boycotting Other Shops,” Daily News, December 14, 1995, p. 4. On the more recent firebombing in Washington, DC, see Petula Dvorak, “Boycotted Store is Firebombed,” Washington Post, December 1, 2000, p. B1.
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30. On the Crown Heights conflict, including the quote from Nancy Mere, see William Bunch, “Racial Rift Spills to City Hall Steps,” Newsday, August 27, 1991, p. 29. The anti-Jewish boycotts are discussed in Jamieson, “Rev. Al’s Friend Pushed Boycotting Other Shops,” p. 4.