World on Fire - Brownstein, Michael [176]
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31. “Changing population in California, where whites are no longer the majority,” NPR, Talk of the Nation, June 18, 2001.
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Chapter 10
1. Population estimates for the Middle East vary considerably. My figure for the region’s total Arab population is a conservative one, based on the 1990 estimate reported in Youssef M. Choueiri, Arab Nationalism: A History (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000), p. vii. The estimate for Israeli Jews is from the Israeli daily newspaper Ha’aretz, as of April 15, 2002. The estimates I use for the ethnic and religious breakdowns in specific Arab countries are from the CIA World Factbook.
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2. On the Berbers in North Africa, see “The Kabylie Erupts: Algeria’s Berbers Are Heard From,” The Estimate, May 4, 2001, and The Political Risk Services Group, “Berbers,” in Morocco Country Forecast: Political Framework, November 1, 2001, p. 28. On the Copts in Egypt, see Anthony McDermott, Egypt from Nasser to Mubarek: A Flawed Revolution (London: Croom Helm, 1988), pp. 185–86, and “Copts in Egypt,” The Economist, May 23, 1998, p. 42.
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3. For additional reading see Michael Herb, All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), and F. Gregory Gause, III, Oil Monarchies (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994).
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4. For different perspectives on Syria and Lebanon, see William L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994); William W. Harris, Faces of Lebanon (Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997); and Kamal Salibi, A House of Many Mansions (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1988).
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5. Bernard Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites (New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), pp. 64–65. See also Yitzchok Adlerstein, “Israel’s Jewish Problem and the Archbishop of Canterbury,” Jewish Law Commentary, available at http://www.jlaw.com/Commentary/archbishop.html.
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6. Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites, pp. 79–80, and Pierre L. van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon (Westport, CT and London: Praeger, 1980), pp. 233–34.
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7. As reported in Ella Shohat, Israeli Cinema (Austin: University of Texas Press), p. 116.
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8. Yinon Cohen and Yitchak Haberfeld, “Second-generation Jewish immigrants in Israel: have the ethnic gaps in schooling and earnings declined?” Ethnic and Racial Studies 21 (1998): 507–28, especially pp. 512–15.
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9. The per capita income, literacy, and infant mortality figures are from The World Bank, 2000 World Development Indicators Database (updated April 2002).
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10. See Seymour M. Hersh, “King’s Ransom,” The New Yorker, October 22, 2001, p. 35, and Stephen Glain, “Slide Rule,” The New Republic, November 19, 2001, p. 20. The literacy statistic for Saudi Arabia is from the CIA World Factbook, available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sa.html. On unemployment, see Mark Katz, “Saudi Economic Woes Could Have Implications for Anti-Terrorism Campaign,” Eurasia Insight, December 18, 2001, available at http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav121801.shtml.
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11. Mary Anne Weaver, A Portrait of Egypt (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000), pp. 11–12, 81–83.
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12. Limor Nakar, “Peace slow, but Israeli economy on fast track,” Chicago Sun-Times, January 27, 2001, p. 16.
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13. These statistics are from Michael Wolffsohn, Israel: Polity, Society, Economy, 1882–1986, Douglas Bokovoy, trans. (New Jersey: Humanities Press International, 1987), especially pp. 268–69.
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14. See, for example, David Remnick, “In a Dark Time,” The New Yorker, p. 51.
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15. Van den Berghe, The Ethnic Phenomenon, p. 232.
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16. As reported in Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites, p. 229.
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17. Ibid., p. 269.
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