Writing Analytically, 6th Edition - Rosenwasser, David & Stephen, Jill.original_ [197]
In alphabetizing the references list, place entries for a single author before entries he or she has co-authored, and arrange multiple entries by a single author by beginning with the earliest work. If there are two or more works by the same author in the same year, designate the second with an “a,” the third with a “b,” and so forth, directly after the year. For all subsequent entries by an author after the first, substitute three hyphens followed by a period [---.] for his or her name. For articles by two or more authors, use commas to connect the authors, and precede the last one with a comma and an ampersand (&).
The APA style divides individual entries into the following parts: author (using initials only for first and middle names), year of publication (in parentheses), title, and publication data. Each part is separated by a period from the others. Note that only the first letter of the title and subtitle of books is capitalized (although proper nouns would be capitalized as necessary).
Journal citations differ from those for books in a number of small ways. The title of a journal article is neither italicized (nor underlined) nor enclosed in quotation marks, and only the first word in the title and subtitle is capitalized. The name of the journal is italicized (or underlined), however, and the first word and all significant words are capitalized. Also, notice that the volume number (which is separated by a comma from the title of the journal) is italicized (or underlined) to distinguish it from the page reference. Page numbers for the entire article are included, with no “p.” or “pp.” and are separated by a comma from the preceding volume number. If the journal does not use volume numbers, then p. or pp. is included.
2. CHICAGO STYLE
Footnote or endnote citation: The earliest groups to explore that part of the country spent much of their time finding out of the way places to “hide their families and cache their grain.”1
The raised numeral indicates a footnote at the bottom of the page or an endnote at the conclusion of a chapter. Following is an example of what that note would look like, assuming this is the first note to have appeared in the paper, thus listed as note number one:
Footnote/endnote book citation: 1. Juanita Brooks, The Mountain Meadows Massacre (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press), 1991, 154.
Here are some examples of other types of notes, numbered consecutively as if each were appearing in the same paper, in this order:
Footnote/endnote journal article citation: 2. Richard Jackson, “Running Down the Up-Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea,” Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 180.
Footnote/endnote website citation: 3. Baha’i International Community. “The Baha’i Faith.” The Baha’i World. http://www.bahai.org/article1201.html (accessed July 20, 2010).
Footnote/endnote citation of a journal article retrieved from a website: 4. Linda Belau, “Trauma and the Material Signifier,” Postmodern Culture 11, no. 2 (2001): par. 6, http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-only/issue.101/11.2belau.txt (accessed July 20, 2010).
Footnote/endnote library (subscription) database journal article citation: 5. Ilan Rachun, “The Meaning of ‘Revolution’ in the English Revolution (1648–1660),”Journal of the History of Ideas 56, no. 2, 196, http://www.jstor.org (accessed July 10, 2010).
In addition to footnotes/endnotes, the Chicago style recommends but does not require an alphabetical list of references (by author’s last name). This list is located at the end of the paper on a separate page and is entitled “Bibliography.” Listed below are the same references employed above, formatted for the bibliography:
End-of-text book citation: Brooks, Juanita. The Mountain Meadows Massacre. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
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