Your Medical Mind_ How to Decide What Is Right for You - Jerome Groopman [99]
22 The references to the congressional committee is found in Kate Pickert, “Do consumers understand drug ads?” Time, May 15, 2008; Judy Foreman, “More specific drug ads, labels would help consumers, a study reveals,” Los Angeles Times, June 8, 2009.
22 The study from the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice: Lisa M. Schwartz et al., “Using a drug facts box to communicate drug benefits and harms: Two randomized trials,” Ann Intern Med 150 (2009), pp. 516–527. Also see Jerry Avorn, “Communicating drug benefits and risks effectively: There must be a better way,” Ann Intern Med 150 (2009), pp. 563–564; Jerry Avorn and Sebastian Schneeweiss, “Managing drug-risk information: What to do with all those new numbers,” NEJM 361 (2009), pp. 647–649.
23 There is a rich literature on agreement and disagreement between patients and physicians about health priorities: Maida J. Sewitch et al., “Measuring differences between patients’ and physicians’ health perceptions: The patient-physician discordance scale,” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 26 (2003), pp. 245–264; Eberhard Scheuer, Johann Steurer, Claus Buddeberg, “Predictors of differences in symptom perception of older patients and their doctors,” Family Practice 19 (2002), pp. 357–361; Robert A. Bell et al., “Unmet expectations for care and the patient-physician relationship,” Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM) 17 (2002), pp. 817–824; Joseph Greer, Richard Halgin, “Predictors of physician-patient agreement on symptoms etiology in primary care,” Psychosomatic Medicine 68 (2006), pp. 277–282; Finlay A. McAlister et al., “When should hypertension be treated? The different perspectives of Canadian family physicians and patients,” CMAJ 163 (2000), pp. 403–408; Roni Caryn Rabin, “Perceptions: Doctors, patients and a clash of priorities,” New York Times, February 9, 2010.
25 Ronald M. Epstein, an eminent physician who advocates mindfulness in patient care, and Ellen Peters, a leading researcher in decision analysis, set forth the complexities of eliciting patient preferences in “Beyond information: Exploring patients’ preferences,” JAMA 302 (2009) pp. 195–197. See also Hilary A. Llewellyn-Thomas et al., “Studying patients’ preferences in health care decision making,” CMAJ 147 (1992), pp. 859–864; Nick Sevdalis, Nigel Harvey, “Predicting preferences: A neglected aspect of shared decision-making ,” Health Expectations 9 (2006), pp. 245–251; Gretchen B. Chapman, “The psychology of medical decision making,” in D.J. Koehler and N. Harvey (eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), pp. 585–603.
27 Each patient’s personal preferences, needs, and values should be paramount in guiding care; see Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Sciences), Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001), http://www.nap.edu/books/0309072808/html. Also see Robert A. McNutt, “Shared medical decision making: Problems, process, progress,” JAMA 292 (2002), pp. 2516–2518; Carla C. Keirns, Susan Dorr Goold, “Patient-centered care and preference-sensitive decision making,” JAMA 302 (2009), pp. 1085–1086. This centrality of patient preference in choice, even when it conflicts with what a physician advises, is passionately presented by Dr. Donald Berwick (Donald Berwick, “What ‘patient-centered’ should mean: Confessions of an extremist,” Health Affairs—Web Exclusive 28, no. 4 [2009], pp. W555–W565). See also Pamela Hartzband, Jerome Groopman, “Keeping the patient in the equation: Humanism and health care reform,” NEJM 361 (2009), pp. 554–555.
27 Patient autonomy is a major subject of study. Its role in our culture is lucidly explored in Carl Schneider, The Practice of Autonomy: Patients, Doctors, and Medical Decisions (New York: