• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

9. Daily National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.), May 4, 1861.

10. Hay, May 2, 1861, in Michael Burlingame and John R. T. Ettinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale, Ill., 1999), p. 17.

11. Margaret Leech, Reveille in Washington 1860–1865 (New York, 1941), pp. 61–62.

12. James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York, 1988), pp. 284–85; Currier & Ives, “The Lexington of 1861,” Prints & Photographs Division, LC.

13. Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (New York, 1939), pp. 230.

14. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 325.

15. Mrs. Roger Pryor, Reminiscences of Peace and War (New York, 1904), pp. 3–4. A stalemate was achieved when the senator grabbed his adversary by both horns. “Let go, Mr. Clay, and run like blazes,” shouted one youthful onlooker. Clay heeded his advice, and sprinted up the avenue with the goat in hot pursuit.

16. Mary Clemmer Ames, Ten Years in Washington: Life and Scenes in the National Capital, as a Women Sees Them (Washington, D.C., 1873), p. 68; William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston, 1863), p. 36; Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, Ernest Samuels, ed. (Boston, 1973), p. 99.

17. Leech, Reveille in Washington, ch. 1–3, passim.

18. Washington Evening Star, May 3, 1861.

19. Ruth Painter Randall, Colonel Elmer Ellsworth: A Biography of Lincoln’s Friend and First Hero of the Civil War (Boston, 1960), pp. 239, 243.

20. New York Herald, May 4, 1861; Constance McLaughlin Green, Washington: Village and Capital, 1800–1878 (Princeton, N.J., 1962), p. 215.

21. Washington Star, May 4, 1861; Milwaukee Morning Sentinel, May 8, 1861; Hay, May 7, 1861, in Burlingame and Ettinger, Inside Lincoln’s White House.

22. Cincinnati Press, n.d., quoted in Fayetteville Observer (N.C.), May 20, 1861.

23. Daily National Intelligencer, May 4, 1861.

24. Daily National Intelligencer, May 10, 1861; New-York Tribune, May 10, 1861; New York Times, May 11, 1861; Brooklyn Eagle, May 9, 1861; New York Herald, May 12, 1861; Philadelphia Press, n.d., quoted in Daily Cleveland Herald, May 11, 1861; Harper’s Weekly, May 25, 1861.

25. New-York Tribune, May 8, 1861.

26. [John Hay] New York World, May 10, 1861. In Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale, Ill., 1998), pp. 58–64.

27. Hay, “Ellsworth,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1861; Hay, May 2, 1861, in Burlingame and Ettinger, Inside Lincoln’s White House.

28. New-York Tribune, Apr. 30, 1861; Hay, May 12, 1861, in Burlingame and Ettinger, Inside Lincoln’s White House.

29. Randall, Colonel Elmer Ellsworth, pp. 175, 233.

30. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (New York, 1890), vol. 4, p. 314; William O. Stoddard, The White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary (Lincoln, Neb., 2000), pp. 9–10, 163–64.

31. The Mrs. Lincoln story appears in, among other sources, an interview with a Zouave veteran published many years later in the Washington Post, Sept. 22, 1907.

32. Washington Herald, n.d., cited in Charles A. Mills and Andrew L. Mills, Alexandria 1861–1865 (Charleston, 2008), p. 16.

33. Furgurson, Freedom Rising, p. 92; Donald G. Shomette, Maritime Alexandria: The Rise and Fall of an American Entrepot (Bowie, Md., 2003), pp. 152–53.

34. [Winthrop], “Washington as a Camp”; Philadelphia Inquirer, May 25, 1861.

35. New-York Tribune, June 1, 1861; May 26, 1861; “Harry Lorrequer” (pseud.), “Letter from the Fire Zouaves,” unidentified clipping, 11th Infantry Regiment Civil War Newspaper Clippings file, New York State Military Museum.

36. [Winthrop], “Washington as a Camp”; New York Times, May 26, 1861.

37. James L. Huffman, A Yankee in Meiji Japan: The Crusading Journalist Edward H. House (Lanham, Md., 2003), pp. 24–26.

38. New-York Tribune, May 28, 1861; May 25, 1861.

39. Lorrequer, “Letter from the Fire Zouaves.”

40. New York Times, May 26, 1861; New-York