1861_ The Civil War Awakening - Adam Goodheart [266]
2. Washington Star, July 5, 1861; New York World, July 10, 1861; Eugene Goodwin Civil War Diary, July 4, 1861.
3. New York Tribune, July 10, 1861; Robert F. Durden, “The American Revolution as Seen by Southerners in 1861,” Louisiana History, vol. 19, no. 1 (Winter 1978), pp. 33–42; New Orleans Daily Picayune, July 4, 1861.
4. Durden, “The American Revolution,” pp. 40–1.
5. Philadelphia Inquirer, July 4, 1861; The Crisis (Columbus, Ohio), July 4, 1861.
6. Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, vol. 1: The Improvised War (New York, 1959), p. 188; Washington Star, July 3, 1861; New York Times, July 7, 1861; Report of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, Nov. 8, 1861.
7. Nevins, War for the Union, vol. 1, p. 189; Washington Star, July 2, 1861; Philadelphia Press, July 5, 1861; [Theodore Winthrop], “Washington as a Camp,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1861; Thomas U. Walter to Amanda Walter, May 3, 1861, quoted in William C. Allen, History of the United States Capitol: A Chronicle of Design, Construction, and Politics (Washington, D.C., 2001), p. 314. “These are nasty things to talk to a lady about,” Walter added, “but ladies ought to know what vile uses the most elegant things are devoted to in times of war.”
8. Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (New York, 1973), p. 867.
9. Cincinnati Daily Commercial, July 8 and 9, 1861; Congressional Globe, July 4, 1861.
10. Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore, 2008), vol. 2, pp. 133–34.
11. William J. Cooper, Jefferson Davis, American (New York, 2001), p. 353.
12. John Hay Diary, May 7, 1861, in Michael Burlingame and John R. T. Ettinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale, Ill., 1999), pp. 19–20.
13. AL to the Regent Captains of San Marino, May 7, 1861, in Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1953), p. 360.
14. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 168; New York Times, June 20, 1861; Nicolay to Therena Bates, July 3, 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale, Ill., 2000), p. 46.
15. Douglas Wilson, Lincoln’s Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words (New York, 2006), p. 74. The context of Emerson’s remark makes it clear that it was meant as a criticism: cf. Linda Allardt, et al., eds., The Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Cambridge, Mass., 1982), vol. 15, p. 520.
16. Wilson, Lincoln’s Sword, pp. 94–95; Charles Sumner to Francis Lieber, June 23, 1861, and Sumner to Richard Henry Dana, Jr., June 30, 1861, in Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner (Boston, 1990), vol. 2, pp. 71–72; David Herbert Donald, Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (New York, 1960), pp. 382–83; John Lothrop Motley to Mary Motley, June 23, 1861, in George W. Curtis, ed., Complete Works of John Lothrop Motley (New York, 1900), vol. 16, pp. 158–59; Nicolay to Therena Bates, July 3, 1861, in Burlingame, With Lincoln in the White House, p. 46; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 166. Wilson’s Lincoln’s Sword offers a careful and informative analysis of the document’s several surviving drafts and how they reflect the evolution of Lincoln’s thought during the writing process.
17. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 170. Although dated July 4, Lincoln’s address was not actually read aloud in the House and Senate until July 5.
18. Wilfred Buck Yearns, The Confederate Congress (Athens, Ga., 1960), p. 35.
19. Wilson, Lincoln’s Sword, p. 79.
20. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 172.
21. Baltimore Sun, July 20, 1861.
22. AL, “Message to Congress, July 4, 1861,” handwritten draft, May or June 1861, in AL Papers.
23. George W. Curtis to John J. Pinkerton, July 9, 1861, in Edward Cary, George William Curtis (Boston, 1896), p. 147.
24. Burlingame,