A World on Fire_ Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War - Amanda Foreman [465]
48. Crawford (ed.), William Howard Russell’s Civil War, p. 74, Russell to J. C. Bancroft Davis, June 22, 1861.
49. Russell, My Diary North and South (London, 1863), p. 377. Berwanger’s 1988 abridged edition does not include this observation.
50. Crawford (ed.), William Howard Russell’s Civil War, p. 80, Diary, July 4, 1861.
51. Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Berwanger, p. 429.
52. Crawford (ed.), William Howard Russell’s Civil War, p. 79, Diary, July 3, 1861.
53. Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Berwanger, p. 227.
54. W. C. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 1, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, July 2, 1861.
55. Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals (New York, 2005), p. 364.
56. PRO 30/22/35, Lord Lyons to Lord John Russell, July 20, 1861.
57. Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, 4 vols.; vol. 1: The Improvised War, 1861–1862 (New York, 1959), p. 214.
58. William Mark McKnight, Blue Bonnets o’er the Border: The 79th New York Cameron Highlanders (Shippensburg, Pa., 1998), p. 23.
59. Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Berwanger, p. 240, July 13, 1861. He also doubted that any army could reconquer so vast a territory as the South. “It is one thing,” he opined in The Times, “to drive the rebels from the south bank of the Potomac, or even to occupy Richmond, but another to reduce and hold in permanent subjection a tract of country nearly as large as Russia.” The Times, July 18, 1861.
60. John Bakeless, Spies of the Confederacy (New York, 1970), p. 10.
61. The value of her work has since been questioned, but there is no doubt that she was able to send advance warning to General Beauregard to prepare for the imminent arrival of the Federal army in Virginia. Edwin Fishel, The Secret War for the Union (New York, 1996), p. 59.
62. Hill, A British Subject’s Recollections of the Confederacy, p. 8, July 4, 1861.
63. Russell, My Diary North and South (London, 1863), p. 438. Berwanger’s 1988 abridged edition does not include this exchange.
64. Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Berwanger, p. 266.
65. Ibid.
66. The Times, August 6, 1861.
67. Illustrated London News, August 10, 1861, pp. 143–45.
68. James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (London, 1990), p. 342.
69. McKnight, Blue Bonnets o’er the Border, p. 27.
70. Ibid., p. 28.
71. Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Berwanger, p. 268.
72. New-York Historical Society, Narrative of Ebenezer Wells.
73. The Times, August 6, 1861.
74. Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Berwanger, p. 277.
75. Hill, A British Subject’s Recollections of the Confederacy, p. 10.
Chapter 6: War by Other Means
1. The Times, August 6, 1861.
2. William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South, ed. Eugene H. Berwanger (New York, 1988), p. 278.
3. Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, 4 vols; vol. 1: The Improvised War, 1861–1862 (New York, 1959), p. 221.
4. The Confederates suffered 400 killed and 1,600 wounded, and the Federals 625 killed, 950 wounded, and 1,200 captured. James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (London, 1988), p. 347.
5. James McPherson, Tried by War (New York, 2008), p. 41.
6. New-York Historical Society, Narrative of Ebenezer Wells (c. 1881), n.pp., August 15, 1861.
7. Martin Crawford (ed.), William Howard Russell’s Civil War: Private Diary and Letters, 1861–1862 (Athens, Ga., 1992), p. 110, August 26, 1861.
8. Camille Ferri Pisani, Prince Napoleon in America, trans. Georges Joyaux, (Bloomington, Ind., 1959), p. 100.
9. Crawford (ed.), William Howard Russell’s Civil War, p. 100, August 7, 1861.
10. West Sussex RO, Lyons MSS, Box 299, August 5, 1861.
11. Pisani, Prince Napoleon in America, p. 113.
12. Ibid., p. 130.
13. Jeff Kinard, Lafayette of the South (College Station, Tex., 2001), p. 19.
14. PRO 30/22/35, Lord Lyons to Lord Russell, September 6, 1861. Bunch had been entrusted with secret negotiations between the South and Britain and France to end privateering. This too