A World on Fire_ Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War - Amanda Foreman [478]
54. Toth (ed.), Mission Abroad, p. 386, Weed to Seward, February 18, 1862.
55. Seward’s continued silence was a gift to the South. The Economist, for example, pronounced, “It is in the independence of the South, and not in her defeat, that we can alone look with confidence for the early amelioration and the ultimate extinction of the slavery we abhor.”
56. Citizenship was not conferred on free blacks until 1866. However, the legation began quietly giving out passports in 1862.
57. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, January 25, 1862. Ironically, on March 6 the New York State Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution thanking John Bright for his advocacy of the “principles of constitutional liberty and international justice for which the American people were contending.”
58. Devon RO, 2065m/c1/29, J. W. Buller, MP, to Georgiana, March 14, 1862.
59. Toth (ed.), Mission Abroad, p. 400, Weed to Seward, February 20, 1862.
60. Charles Vandersee, “Henry Adams Behind the Scenes: Civil War Letters to Frederick W. Seward,” Bulletin of the New York Public Library, 71/4 (1967), p. 249.
61. MPUS, pp. 22–23, n. 112, Adams to Seward, February 7, 1862.
62. Stephen B. Oates, “Henry Hotze: Confederate Agent Abroad,” The Historian, 27 (1965), p. 134.
63. Ibid., p. 135.
64. ORN, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 347, Hotze to Hunter, February 23, 1862.
65. Wallace and Gillespie (eds.), Diary of Benjamin Moran, vol. 2, p. 961, March 6, 1862.
66. Roundell Palmer, Memorials, 2 vols. (London, 1894, repr. 2003), vol. 1, p. 404.
67. Toth (ed.), Mission Abroad, p. 463, Weed to Seward, March 8, 1862.
68. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, March 8, 1862.
69. ORN, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 359, Mason to Hunter, March 11, 1862.
Chapter 10: The First Blow Against Slavery
1. John Stuart Mill, The Contest in America, repr. from Fraser’s Magazine, February 1862 (Boston, 1863). The Adams family met John Stuart Mill at a dinner given by the Argylls. Years later, Henry Adams sheepishly admitted that he drank too much wine that night, and “after dinner engaged in instructing John Stuart Mill on the peculiar merits of an American protective system.… Mr. Mill took no apparent pleasure in the dispute.” Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, ed. Ernest Samuels (repr. Boston, 1973), p. 126.
2. Philip Van Doren Stern, When the Guns Roared: World Aspects of the American Civil War (New York, 1965), p. 112.
3. W. D. Jones, “Blyden, Gladstone and the War,” Journal of Negro History, 49 (1964), p. 58, fn.
4. George Douglas, Eighth Duke of Argyll (1823–1900): Autobiography and Memoirs, ed. the Dowager Duchess of Argyll, 2 vols. (London, 1906), vol. 2, p. 190, May 13, 1862.
5. Jones, “Blyden, Gladstone and the War,” p. 58. Blyden had recently returned from a diplomatic mission to the United States where he was subjected to the usual treatment meted out to free blacks, such as being denied the right to ride on public busses or eat in white-owned restaurants. He was particularly upset at being denied entry to the House of Representatives. There was no such bar to the Houses of Parliament, which surprised some Northerners. Benjamin Moran laughed at Charles Wilson’s annoyance at having to sit beside “the negro representative from Hayti.” On February 6, he wrote in his diary: “From what I have been told the black exhibited a good deal better manners than did my fellow secretary. For all his ‘black republicanism,’ he clearly indicated by his uneasiness a decided antipathy to ‘the nigger’.”
6. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, April 16, 1862. Adams was convinced that Lord Shaftesbury was against the North, and was using his influence with the antislavery societies. However, Thurlow Weed became acquainted with Shaftesbury and realized that the earl, like so many others, had been alienated by the North’s willingness to continue slavery.
7. Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances