A World on Fire_ Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War - Amanda Foreman [501]
27. Somewhere in the stream was Lieutenant Colonel George T. Gordon of the 34th North Carolina Infantry. He had arrived in the South six months earlier, a fugitive from British and Canadian justice. An accomplished fraud, he tricked the authorities into awarding him the rank of major. To his surprise, the war exposed a hitherto completely hidden layer of decency. Promotions followed and by Gettysburg he was a brigade commander. After the war, however, he returned to his old ways.
28. Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, p. 267.
29. Dawson, Reminiscences, p. 96.
30. Edward Porter Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander, ed. Gary Gallagher (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989), p. 266.
31. Adams, Charles Francis Adams, 1835–1915: An Autobiography, p. 151.
32. John B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital, ed. Earl Schenck Miers (Urbana, Ill., 1958), p. 286.
33. Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy, p. 268.
34. Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, p. 274.
35. James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox (New York, 2004), p. 361. Longstreet added: “It is simply out of the question for a lesser force to march over broad, open fields and carry a fortified front occupied by a great force of seasoned troops.” Longstreet was stung by the criticisms of his own actions at Gettysburg and energetically defended himself against charges that ranged from treason to arrogance.
36. William Stanley Hoole, Lawley Covers the Confederacy (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1964), p. 63.
37. The Times, August 18, 1863.
Chapter 23: Pressure Rising
1. Hansard, 3rd ser., vol. 171, cols. 1827–28, June 3, 1863, John Bright.
2. Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, ed. Ernest Samuels (repr. Boston, 1973), p. 187.
3. F. L. Owsley, King Cotton Diplomacy (2nd ed., Chicago, 1959), p. 461.
4. E. D. Adams, Great Britain and the American Civil War, 2 vols. in 1 (New York, 1958), vol. 2, p. 172.
5. Ibid., p. 173.
6. ORN, ser. 2, vol. 3, no. 25, pp. 839–40, Hotze to Benjamin, July 11, 1863.
7. Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 2, p. 1183, July 14, 1863.
8. Francis Galton (ed.), Vacation Tourists, 1862–1863 (London, 1864), p. 412.
9. New-York Historical Society, Narrative of Ebenezer Wells (c. 1881).
10. William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel, Vicksburg Is the Key (Lincoln, Nebr., 2003), p. 185.
11. Sheffield Archives, WHM 461 (24), Hampson to Lord Wharncliffe, January 17, 1865.
12. PRO FO115/395, f. 60, Mayo to Lyons, July 24, 1863.
13. Adams, Great Britain and the American Civil War, vol. 2, p. 179.
14. Historical Collection, Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, vol. 29 (Lansing, Mich., 1900), p. 604.
15. ORN, ser. 2, vol. 3, no. 26, pp. 849–51, Hotze to Benjamin, July 23, 1863.
16. W. C. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 2, p. 59, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., July 23, 1863; Economist, August 1, 1863, quoted in Hugh Brogan, “America and Walter Bagehot,” Journal of American Studies, 11/3 (Dec. 1977), p. 340.
17. Charles Vandersee, “Henry Adams Behind the Scenes: Civil War Letters to Frederick W. Seward,” 71/4 (1967), p. 259.
18. Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, pp. 204–55.
19. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, vol. 2, p. 32, Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., July 23, 1863.
20. Ibid., p. 54, Charles Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., July 24, 1863.
21. Norman Longmate, The Hungry Mills: The Story of the Lancashire Cotton Famine, 1861–5 (London, 1978), p. 205.
22. Lance Davis and Stanley L. Engerman, Naval Blockades in Peace and War (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 128–29.
23. Wallace and Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, vol. 2, p. 1188, July 27, 1863.
24. Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, 4 vols.; vol. 2: War Becomes Revolution, 1862