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14. Hudson Strode, Jefferson Davis: Confederate President, 3 vols. (New York, 1959), vol. 3, p. 35.

15. “There is no doubt he has got the best military head of any man in this Confederacy, and if he only gets a chance he will make his mark on the enemy this Spring and Summer,” Feilden had written enthusiastically. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS (3), Feilden to Julia McCord, April 20, 1864.

16. Ibid., (10), Feilden to Julia McCord, April 20, 1864.

17. Ibid., (6), Feilden to Julia McCord, April 30, 1864.

18. E. Milby Burton, The Siege of Charleston (Columbia, S.C., 1982), p. 283.

19. PRO FO5/896, f. 23, Lyons to Russell, November 3, 1863; the reference for the quotation in the footnote is PRO FO 5/896, f. 33, Lyons to Russell, November 3, 1863.

20. PRO FO 5/948/274, f. 63, Lyons to Russell, April 19, 1864; James J. Barnes and Patience P. Barnes (eds.), The American Civil War Through British Eyes, vol. 3 (Kent, Ohio, 2005), p. 178.

21. New York Times, February 2, 1864.

22. West Sussex RO, Lyons MSS, box 301, Lyons to sister, December 26, 1863; PRO 30/22/37, f. 63, Lyons to Russell, December 24, 1863.

23. PRO 30/22/38, ff. 46–49, Lyons to Russell, May 17, 1864.

24. British Library of Political and Economic Science, LSE, Farr MSS, ADD 2, unknown writer to Captain Hatch, February 19, 1864.

25. Duke University, Malet family MSS, Malet to mother, January 4, 1863.

26. Edmund Hammond, the permanent undersecretary of state for foreign affairs, had a low opinion of young men who wanted to have a personal life outside the Foreign Office: “The labour required of the Foreign Office Clerks is great, the attendance long, and the hours late and uncertain.…” Reports from Commissioners, 20 vols., vol. 5 (London, 1856), p. 67, Hammond to Horace Mann, June 25, 1855.

27. PRO FO5/949, f. 5, d. 289, Lyons to Russell, May 3, 1864.

28. PRO FO282/10, f. 294, Archibald to Lyons, January 30, 1863.

29. Bright-Sumner Letters, 1861–1872, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 46 (1912), pp. 93–165, at p. 125, Bright to Sumner, December 15, 1863. Thomas Smelt, the father of young Stephen, wrote to Lincoln on March 6, imploring him to release his son, who had been drugged and drafted into the army. The humble clerk struggled to express himself: “I also appeal to you as a Father and man of honour that you take all these circumstances into your consideration, and for the sake of his family, you be graciously pleased to grant this my prayer,” he begged. By the time Mr. Smelt’s letter had passed from Lincoln’s desk to the adjutant general’s office, and from there into the hands of the War Department clerks, Stephen had been wounded and captured by the Confederates. Stephen Smelt was a prisoner of war in Andersonville, the prison with the highest death toll in the South, and he was beyond the reach of his father or the indifferent Northern authorities. NARA RG 94/SKM 06, Thomas Smelt to Lincoln, March 6, 1864.

30. PRO FO 5/898, f. 66, Lyons to Russell, December 7, 1863.

31. The Foreign Office could not, officially, applaud a solution that forced British subjects to pledge their allegiance to a foreign country, but there was relief in London that a hideous injustice against conscripted Britons in the Southern armies had been resolved.

32. Warwickshire RO, CR114A/533/23 (1), Seymour MSS, General Wistar to General Dix, April 15, 1864.

33. A. S. Lewis (ed.), My Dear Parents, p. 67.

34. James Pendlebury MSS, private collection, p. 1.

35. James Pendlebury MSS, p. 2.

36. PRO FO5/1287, d.189, Francis Lousada to Lord Lyons, March 11, 1864, and passim.

37. Fitzgerald Ross, Cities and Camps of the Confederate States, ed. Richard Barksdale Harwell (Champaign, Ill., 1997), p. 219.

38. Frances Elizabeth Owen Monck, My Canadian Leaves: Diary of a Visit to Canada, 1865–6 (London, 1891), p. 127.

39. Journal of John Wodehouse, First Earl of Kimberley (Cambridge, 1997), p. 75.

40. R.A.J. Walling (ed.), The Diaries of John Bright (New York, 1931), p. 271.