Adventures Among Ants - Mark W. Moffett [198]
bactericide production by ants, 7. See also pesticides
barrack nests, 115, 135, 247n42
Bates, Henry Walter, 102
beetles: group transport by, 63; as “guests” in ant nest, 260n5; plant eating, 124, 133, 182
beavers, 241n4 (ch. 5)
Bengalia fly, 70
Berghoff, Stefanie, 100, 103–4
Bible, 34, 119, 193
big-headed ants. See Pheidole
Bingham, Charles Thomas, 12–13, 53
biomass of ants, 122, 247n8
Biosphere 2, 231
biotic homogenization, 207
birds: ant birds, 98, 244n4; as ant predators, 127, 137; as mass foragers, 32, 33; as prey, 45, 62, 117, 118, 220; white-winged chough, 155, 252n247
Bishop, Barry, 37
bites and stings: Argentine ants, 206; army ants, 16; bullet ants, 135; carpenter ants, 121; driver ants, 72–73; fire ants, 219, 219, 220; flagging, 219; leaf-cutter ants, 171; marauder ants, 16; weaver ants, 112, 117
bivouacs, army ant, 59, 103, 190, 211, 229
blowfly parasite, 70
body politic, 225. See also superorganisms
bonanzas: nests as, 47, 76; patches as, 82, 119; protecting, 45, 53, 119; raiding, 32, 48, 49, 236n4; recruiting to by chimpanzees, 33; and trunk trails, 82, 100, 178, 187
Boven, Jozef van, 96
brain and central nervous system: ant colonies compared to human, 227; decentralized authority and, 227; intelligence and, 49, 221–22; polymorphism and, 38, 144; size of organism and, 116, 144, 251n34; superorganisms and, 116, 144, 145, 227
broad spectrum revolution, 123, 247n9
Brockelman, Warren, 57, 58
Brown, William L., Jr. (“Bill”), 4, 108
budding, 209–11, 217, 240nn18, 19, 262n247
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, 22
bulldog ants, 7, 234n2 (primer)
bullet ants. See Paraponera clavata
bumblebees, 181–82
Burt, Austin, 228
burying beetles, 63
caching, 180–81
cafeteria experiment, 99, 104
callows, 57
camp follower species, 188
Camponotus (carpenter ants): cylindricus group, 126–28, 127; femoratus, 121–23; gigas, 134–35, 142, 143–44; nest raided by army ants, 79–81, 80, 85; schmitzi, 142–43, 142; as successful genera, 122
cannibalism (predation on other ants): army ants and, 47, 243n3 (ch. 8); larvae as food source, 47, 79, 81, 129, 166; marauder ant aversion to, 47, 51; pupae as food source, 47, 79, 80, 81; slavemakers and, 155, 165; warfare and, 33, 155, 237n27
canopy: aggressive dominance in, 129; ant gardens in, 121–22, 214, 247n3, 250n23; army ants in, 249n39; climate and, 132, 133–34; coalitions of ants in, 127, 128; commute to, for foraging, 124, 181; comparison to ground, 99–100, 103, 105, 122, 124, 129, 132–38, 179, 247n8; fallen trees and, 187, 194; flooding in, 140, 141; leafcutter ant trails and, 177–78, 181; leafcutter depletion of, 182, 256–57n78; nests in, 124; nondominant ants in, 128–29; population of, 1, 133; territoriality and, 129. See also ant plants; mosaics; transportation; trees; vines; weaver ants
Carebara, 129, 143, 144
carnivory, 33, 84, 118, 243n8; catching prey, 16, 26, 27, 39, 44–45, 76, 86, 98, 102, 104, 105, 106, 116–17, 143; catching small prey, 42–44; catching large or difficult prey, 19, 25–26, 39, 76, 98, 118, 236n6, 243n12, 245n22, 247n9, 251n35, 260n23; granivory as evolving from, 238n18
carpenter ants. See Camponotus
carrion beetles, 63
carton, 121, 124, 250n23
Casill, Deby, 141, 234n3
castes: defined, 5, 238n2; determined by diet, genetics, or temperature, 9, 234n8; individual recognition of, 215; location in swarm raids, 39, 41–42; nest defense and, 56–57; size frequency distribution of, 38–39, 238n5, 240n6, 244n10; size of larva determining, 9; subcastes, 238n2; temporal, 234n9; trail construction by, 52, 53, 75, 179. See also polymorphism; queens; replete workers
Cataulacus muticus: flooding and, 140
caterpillars: farming of, 119; mass foraging by, 32–33; plant eating, 182; as prey, 41, 99
Cecropia trees, 124, 125
centipedes, 69, 98
central-place foragers, 56, 63; disadvantages of, 113, 145, 211
Centromyrmex: as termite specialists, 99
Cephalotes atratus (turtle ants): falling, 136, 137
chimpanzees: ant dipping, 73, 74, 116, 243n3 (ch. 7); group transport, 62–63; recruitment by, 33; territoriality, 115; violence among,