Adventures Among Ants - Mark W. Moffett [199]
chough, white-winged, 155, 252n247
cities, large colonies compared to, 38, 42, 69, 78, 128, 187, 204, 222, 223
citrus trees: weaver ants and, 124, 126
cleaner fish, 191, 258n15
climate: canopy dwellers and, 132, 133–34
climbing, 134–36; measuring distances while, 250n10
clingy feet, 135–36, 140
cockroach scent, Argentine ants and, 213
collaborations between ants: in canopy, 127, 128; carpenter and acrobat ants, 121
collective decision making, 17, 66, 78, 104, 151, 225, 227, 229. See also swarm intelligence
colonies: as individual, 261n7; as mind, 17, 49, 53, 78, 112, 116, 144, 178, 227; as organism/superorganism, 17–18, 20, 31, 35, 39, 44, 51, 70, 79, 95, 104, 108, 116, 118, 120, 144–45, 165, 174, 186–87, 214, 218, 225–27, 261n7, 262n247; similar to human society, 38, 42, 51, 69–70, 78, 96, 104, 115–16, 123, 128, 129, 133, 146, 154–56, 172, 174, 187–90, 196–97, 200, 222–26, 240n18. See also colonies, establishing; decentralized control; defense of society; discord within societies; division of labor; group identity; nests; size of society
colonies, establishing: Amazons, 156–57; army ants, 60; budding, 209–11, 217, 240nn18, 19, 262n247; fission, 60, 240n18, 262n247; leafcutter ants, 186–87, 196, 257nn79, 85; location approval, 104, 229; location assessment, 103–4, 222; marauder ants, 60–61, 240n19; typical process for, 60. See also migration
color, age indicated by, 9, 54, 161
column raids: army ants, 29, 84, 100, 239n25; marauder ants, 29, 41, 48–49; as strategy, 41, 84
combat and combativeness: Argentine ants, 203–5, 203, 208–11, 215, 219–20, 219, 260n12, 261– 62n20, 263n32; capture of replete workers, 64; carpenter ants, 112; cone ants, 55; dominant ants and, 128; driver ants, 74, 91; extirpator species, 47, 128; fire ants, 219–20, 219; leafcutter ants, 186, 256–57n78; marauder ants, 47–48, 55–56, 204; nondominant ants and, 128–29, 132; plant mosaics and, 132; preemptive control of resources, 47; recognition signals, 261–62n20; techniques used, 55–56, 136, 204; weaver ants, 115, 120, 122–23, 128, 204, 247n9. See also defense, individual; defense of society; military and military comparisons; territoriality; warfare
communication: human comparisons, 223; information flow to nest, 77–79; marauder ants, 52–53; mass communication, 18; in mass foraging, 22; slavemakers, 161; society size and, 128, 223; unnecessary for some tasks, 53, 174; warfare and, 128; weaver ants, 115, 116. See also pheromones; recruitment
complexity: division of labor and, 5, 146, 186, 187, 223, 226–27; size of society and, 116, 223, 226–27
computers: intelligence and, 227; swarm raids simulated on, 78
cone ants. See Dorymyrmex
conflict. See combat and combativeness; discord within societies
consciousness, 227. See also mind
convergence: defined, 16; of marauder and army ants, 22–23, 236n16; of Pheidologeton silenus and army ants, 236n4
Cosmophasis bitaeniata, 213, 214
Costa Rica, 2–3
Cover, Stefan, 108
crazy ants. See Paratrechina longicornis
Crematogaster (acrobat ants), 72; collaboration with carpenter ants, 121; midden heap foraging by, 74; social organization, 224; as successful genus, 122
Crematogaster levior, 121
crestline orientation, 138, 250n12
crop, 118
Cross River (Nigeria), 95–96, 110–12
cylindricus. See under Camponotus
Cyphomyrmex, 198–99
Daceton: climbing and falling, 135–36, 137; difficulty with group transport, 67
Darwin, Charles, 49, 154, 164–65, 188
Davidson, Dinah, 126
Day, Clarence, 216
dear enemy phenomenon, 208–9, 215
death: feigning, 55, 87, 195; habitat opened by colony collapse, 81, 132, 194–95, 249n41; pheromones indicating, 74–75; of queen, and death of colony, 9, 81, 145, 251n41; of queen, and survival of colony, 204, 217–18, 226, 251n41; of trees in forests, 132, 187, 194, 249n41
decapitating fly (phorid fly), 183, 186, 256n72
decentralized control: benefits of, 96, 223, 225, 263n11; brain and, 49, 227; defense of society and, 145, 223, 225; military comparisons and, 34–36, 237–38nn31, 32; swarm intelligence, 49. See also leadership
decentralized trail systems,