Arrival City_ How the Largest Migration in History Is Reshaping Our World - Doug Saunders [169]
20 Audrey Singer, “Twenty-First Century Gateways: An Introduction,” in Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America, eds. Audrey Singer, Susan W. Hardwick, and Caroline B. Brettell (Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2008).
21 William H. Frey, “Melting Pot Suburbs: A Census 2000 Study of Suburban Diversity” (Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2001).
22 Ivan Light and Michael Francis Johnston, “The Metropolitan Dispersion of Mexican Immigrants to the United States, 1980 to 2000,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35, no. 1 (2009).
23 Robert A. Murdie, “Diversity and Concentration in Canadian Immigration: Trends in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, 1971–2006” (Toronto: Centre for Urban & Community Studies [University of Toronto], 2008).
24 Marie Price and Audrey Singer, “Immigrants, Suburbs and the Politics of Reception in Metropolitan Washington,” in Twenty-First Century Gateways, 150–51.
25 Neal Peirce, “Outreach to Immigrants: A Suburb’s Exciting New Way,” Nation’s Cities Weekly 32, no. 19 (2009): 2.
4 THE URBANIZATION OF THE VILLAGE
1 Martin Petrick and Ewa Tyran, “Development Perspectives of Subsistence Farms in South-Eastern Poland: Social Buffer Stock or Commercial Agriculture?,” in IAMO Forum (Halle, Germany: 2004).
2 Poland achieves only 21 percent of the EU average gross product per hectare of utilized agricultural land for crops. See Hilary Ingham and Mike Ingham, “How Big Is the Problem of Polish Agriculture?” Europe-Asia Studies 56, no. 2 (2004): 215.
3 Robert R. Kaufman, “Market Reform and Social Protection: Lessons from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland,” East European Politics & Societies 21, no. 1 (2007).
4 Ingham and Ingham, “How Big Is the Problem of Polish Agriculture?” 222–23.
5 Dilip Ratha, “Revisions to Remittance Trends 2007,” in Migration and Development Brief 5 (World Bank, 2007).
6 For a moving account of the psychological effects of this mass family displacement, see Fan Lixin’s film Last Train Home.
7 A new social security system launched by Beijing in December 2009 will take many years to implement and may prove fiscally impossible to apply fully. See Howard W. French, “Pension Crisis Looms for China,” International Herald Tribune, Mar. 20, 2007; Ariana Eunjung Cha, “In China, Despair Mounting among Migrant Workers,” The Washington Post, Mar. 4, 2009.
8 James Kynge, “China’s Workers Enable Village Consumer,” Financial Times, Feb. 26, 2004.
9 Rob Young, “China’s Workers Return to Cities,” BBC News, Sept. 8, 2009.
10 Michael Lipton and Qi Zhang, “Reducing Inequality and Poverty During Liberalisation in China: Rural and Agricultural Experiences and Policy Options” (Brighton: PRUS Working Paper no. 37, 2007); OECD, “Review of Agricultural Policies—China” (2005).
11 Ran Tao and Zhigang Xu, “Urbanization, Rural Land System and Social Security for Migrants in China,” Journal of Development Studies 43, no. 7 (2007): 1,309.
12 Srijit Mishra, “Farmers’ Suicides in Maharashtra,” Economic and Political Weekly, Apr. 22, 2006.
13 Debarshi Das, “Persistence of Small-Scale, Family Farms in India: A Note,” The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 16, no. 3 (2007); Srijit Mishra, “Agrarian Scenario in Post-Reform India: A Story of Distress, Despair and Death” (Mumbai: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, 2007).
14 Katy Gardner, “Keeping Connected: Security, Place and Social Capital in a ‘Londoni’ Village in Sylhet,” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14 (2008).
15 Tasneem Siddiqui, “Migration as a Livelihood Strategy of the Poor: The Bangladesh Case,” in Regional Conference on Migration, Development and Pro-Poor Policy Choices in Asia (Dhaka: RMMRU, 2003).
16 Katy Gardner and Zahir Ahmed, “Place, Social Protection and Migration in Bangladesh: A Londoni Village in Biswanath” (Brighton: Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, 2006). A revised and expanded version appears