Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [425]
119. Douglass’ Monthly, IV (Sep. 1861), 526; Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 178–80; Armstrong and Ludlow, Hampton and Its Students, 111; Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 270; A. O. Howell, Jan. 19 and Feb. 6, 1864, American Missionary Assn. Archives; James E. Glazier to his parents, Feb. 28, 1862, Glazier Collection, Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.; Ephraim M. Anderson, Memoirs: Historical and Personal (St. Louis, 1868), 364; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 957, 959; J. H. Easterby (ed.), The South Carolina Rice Plantation: As Revealed in the Papers of Robert F. W. Allston (Chicago, 1945), 289–90; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 449–54, 456, 545–46; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, V: Texas Narr. (Part 3), 276; VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 1), 169; Williamson, After Slavery, 6; New York Times, June 15, Oct. 27, Dec. 18, 1861, Jan. 14, 19, Feb. 9, Oct. 26, Dec. 16, 1862, March 9, June 26, July 12, Aug. 8, Nov. 10, 1863, May 7, 1864, March 2, 1865.
120. Quarles, Negro in the Civil War, 62; New York Times, Dec. 20, 1861, Nov. 15, 1862, May 7, 1864; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 545; Winters, Civil War in Louisiana, 163, Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 11–12.
121. Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 92–93; Letters from Joseph Simpson, 22; Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 71, 246; Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 270–71; Stone, Brokenburn, 202; Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 251; Bryan, Confederate Georgia, 128; New York Times, Dec. 26, 1861, Jan. 21, Feb. 9, Oct. 19, Nov. 29, 1862, June 14, 17, July 3, 12, 1863, July 17, 1864, April 2, 17, 1865; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 450–51.
122. Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 929–30, 934–35, 935, 939–40.
123. Rogers, History of Georgetown County, 406–07.
124. Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 199–200, 289–90, 291–92, 292–93. Having reached similar conclusions about defecting slaves, Edmund Ruffin could rationalize his son’s decision to sell twenty-nine of those who had remained. “These were the fragments of sundry families, of which the other members had gone off in the several previous elopements—& who were therein active participators, as all the adults who remained were passive, knowing well the intentions of the others, & keeping their secret.” Ruffin, Diary, II, 353.
125. Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 138–39, 140; New York Times, Dec. 12, 1862; Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 64; Rose, Rehearsal for Reconstruction, 110. See also Ravenel, Private Journal, 115–16.
126. Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 247; Thompson, An Englishman in the American Civil War, 104; Ray Allen Billington (ed.), The Journal of Charlotte L. Forten (New York, 1953), 160.
127. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, V: Texas Narr. (Part 3), 83; Aptheker, American Negro Slave Revolts, 360–61.
128. John Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York, 1907; repr. 1969), 2; Emily Caroline Douglas, Ms. Autobiography, c. 1904, [167–68], Louisiana State Univ.; New York Times, Dec. 18, 1861. See also Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 173–74, 359.
129. Swint (ed.), Dear Ones at Home, 42; New York Times, June 16, 1861, Jan. 14, April 6, Dec. 16, 1862. See also Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 699–702, and Albert, House of Bondage, 114–15.
130. Towne, Letters and Diary, 24; Letters from Joseph Simpson, 26; P. J. Staudenraus (ed.), “A War Correspondent’s View of St. Augustine and Fernandina: 1863,” Florida Historical Quarterly, XLI (July 1962), 64; Julius Lester, To Be a Slave (New York, 1968), 29. See also Armstrong and Ludlow, Hampton and Its Students, 110–11; Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 268; Botume, First Days Amongst the Contrabands, 139; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VIII: Ark. Narr. (Part 1), 169; XVIII: Unwritten History, 173.
131. New York Times, Dec. 18, 1861; Higginson, Army Life in a Black