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burned down fourteen houses and the courthouse, and the proliferation of arson attempts elsewhere, some of them spectacularly successful, gave rise to new fears of a general insurrection. Silver (ed.), Mississippi in the Confederacy, 268–69; Harvey Wish, “Slave Disloyalty under the Confederacy,” Journal of Negro History, XXIII (1938), 444; Williamson, After Slavery, 51.

74. Jervey and Ravenel, Two Diaries, 12; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 193, 218; Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 208. See also Ruffin, Diary, II, 598; Ravenel, Private Journal, 216; Leland (ed.), “Middleton Correspondence, 1861–1865,” 106; Ada Sterling, A Belle of the Fifties: Memoirs of Mrs. Clay, of Alabama (New York, 1905), 182; Stone, Brokenburn, 210; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 188, 189; Elias Horry Deas to Anne Deas, Aug. 12, 1865, Deas Papers, Univ. of South Carolina.

75. Ravenel, Private Journal, 217; Leland (ed.), “Middleton Correspondence, 1861–1865,” 107; Stone, Brokenburn, 193, 203; Williamson, After Slavery, 5–6. See also Jervey and Ravenel, Two Diaries, 11, 12, 33, 35, 37; Dawson, Confederate Girl’s Diary, 178; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 187; New York Times, Dec. 21, 1862; Whittington (ed.), “Concerning the Loyalty of Slaves in North Louisiana in 1863,” 492; Jones (ed.), When Sherman Came, 268.

76. John H. Bills, Ms. Diary, entry for Feb. 11, 1864, Univ. of North Carolina; Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 208–10, 328; Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 268–69. For comparable scenes, see, e.g., Elias Horry Deas to Anne Deas, May 5, 1865, Deas Papers, Univ. of South Carolina; Edward Lynch to Joseph Glover [June 1865], Glover-North Papers, Univ. of South Carolina; Avary, Dixie after the War, 341–42.

77. Towne, Letters and Diary, 34; New York Times, Nov. 20, 1861, Nov. 16, 20, Dec. 21, 1862; Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 269; Sitterson, Sugar Country, 212.

78. Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 213; Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 605; New York Times, Dec. 29, 1863; Christian Recorder, Nov. 26, 1862. See also Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 163; XII: Ga. Narr. (Part 2), 119; XVI: Tenn. Narr., 12.

79. Samuel A. Agnew, Ms. Diary, entries for Oct. 31, Nov. 1, 1862, Univ. of North Carolina; Louisa T. Lovell to Capt. Joseph Lovell, Feb. 7, 1864, Quitman Papers, Univ. of North Carolina. See also Sitterson, Sugar Country, 214.

80. Sitterson, Sugar Country, 212; Nevins, War for the Union: The Organized War, 1863–1864, 376–77; Jones (ed.), Heroines of Dixie, 118; Emily Caroline Douglas, Ms. Autobiography, 168, Louisiana State Univ.

81. New York Times, Dec. 1, 1862, Oct. 30, 1864; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVII: Fla. Narr., 246; Sitterson, Sugar Country, 220; Wiley, Southern Negroes, 74; Scarborough, The Overseer, 153–54. See also Clayton Jones, “Mississippi Agriculture,” Journal of Mississippi History, XXIV (April 1962), 138; Sitterson, “The McCollams: A Planter Family of the Old and New South,” in Miller and Genovese (eds.), Plantation, Town, and County, 296; Ruffin, Diary, II, 317, 320; Ravenel, Private Journal, 211–12; Jervey and Ravenel, Two Diaries, 36; Stone, Brokenburn, 175; Savannah Writers’ Project, Savannah River Plantations (Savannah, 1947), 324; John H. Bills, Ms. Diary, entries from Jan. 10, 1863, to Dec. 14, 1864, Univ. of North Carolina.

82. For a discussion of the overseer under slavery, see Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 12–21, and Scarborough, The Overseer.

83. Nevins, War for the Union: The Organized War, 1863–1864, 377; New York Times, Oct. 26, 1862 (the dispatch was written by the New Orleans correspondent of the Times on Oct. 16).

84. Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 264–65.

85. Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 213, 218, 328–29. See also Scarborough, The Overseer, 163–64.

86. Joseph LeConte, ’Ware Sherman: A Journal of Three Months’ Personal Experience in the Last Days of the Confederacy (Berkeley, Calif., 1938), 133–34; Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for June