Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [438]
102. Smedes, Memorials of a Southern Planter, 197; House (ed.), “Deterioration of a Georgia Rice Plantation During Four Years of Civil War,” 107; Ella Gertrude (Clanton) Thomas, Ms. Journal, entry for Dec. 12, 1864, Duke Univ.
103. Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 503; Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 236; Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for End of May 1865, Univ. of South Carolina. See also Jervey and Ravenel, Two Diaries, 35.
104. Bell I. Wiley, The Plain People of the Confederacy (Baton Rouge, 1944), 83; Robert Philip Howell, Ms. Memoirs [17–18], Univ. of North Carolina; Bryant (ed.), “A Yankee Soldier Looks at the Negro,” 145; John H. Bills, Ms. Diary, entry for May 18, 1865; House (ed.), “Deterioration of a Georgia Rice Plantation During Four Years of Civil War,” 102; “Visit to ‘Gowrie’ and ‘East Hermitage’ Plantations,” March 1867, Manigault Plantation Records, Univ. of North Carolina. See also Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 190, and Stone, Brokenburn, 193, 195, 198, 199, 203, 208–09, 363.
105. Mrs. Elizabeth Jane Beach to her parents, July 29, 1864, in Smith (ed.), “The Yankees in New Albany,” 46; Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 321–22.
106. Avary, Dixie after the War, 190; Lillian A. Pereyra, James Lusk Alcorn: Persistent Whig (Baton Rouge, 1966), 79.
107. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 221; II: S.C. Narr. (Part 1), 225. For a discussion of the house servant in slavery, see Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 328–65.
108. Smedes, Memorials of a Southern Planter, 198; Pringle, Chronicles of Chicora Wood, 253; Wiley, Southern Negroes, 73. For house servants who “behaved outrageously,” see also Okar to Gustave Lauve, June 26, 1863, Gustave Lauve Papers, Louisiana State Univ.; John H. Bills, Ms. Diary, entry for Aug. 21, 29, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina; Louisa T. Lovell to Capt. Joseph Lovell, Feb. 7, 1864, Quitman Papers, Univ. of North Carolina; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1248; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 192; Stone, Brokenburn, 173, 176; Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 207; Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 354; Jones (ed.), When Sherman Came, 130.
109. Richmond Examiner, quoted in Frank Moore (ed.), The Rebellion Record (11 vols.; New York, 1861–68), IV, Part IV, 101–02; Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 344. See also Ravenel, Private Journal, 218, 221, 251, 269–70, and Leland (ed.), “Middleton Correspondence,” 100.
110. House (ed.), “Deterioration of a Georgia Rice Plantation During Four Years of Civil War,” 102; LeGrand, Journal, 263; Dennett, The South As It Is, 261–63. On June 19, 1862, Edmund Ruffin made this entry in his diary: “Why this property & Marlbourne should be especially losers of slaves, cannot be understood, for nowhere were they better cared for, or better managed & treated, according to their condition of slavery.” Diary, II, 346.
111. Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 427; Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 9.
112. Murray, Proud Shoes, 159–60.
113. “Narrative of William Wells Brown,” in Osofsky (ed.), Puttin’ On Ole Massa, 212; Philip S. Foner (ed.), The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass (4 vols.; New York, 1950–55), 1, 157; Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (3rd English ed.; Wortley, 1846), 40, 99.
114. Scarborough, The Overseer, 16–19, 82–84, 93–94; Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 365–88; E. L. Pierce, The Negroes at Port Royal (Boston, 1862), 8–10; Rose, Rehearsal for Reconstruction, 132–33; S. H. Boineau to Charles Heyward, Nov. 24, 1864, Univ. of South Carolina.
115. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VI: Ala. Narr., 66; Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, 219. For the fate of the driver in the postwar period, see below, Chapter 8.
116. Jesse Belflowers to Adele Petigru Allston, Oct. 19, 1864, in Easterby (ed.), South Carolina Rice Plantation, 310; Jervey and Ravenel, Two Diaries, 17–18; Hitchcock, Marching with Sherman, 69–70; D. E. K. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 237; Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll, 387; Ruffin, Diary, II, 317.
117.