Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [449]
101. Reid, After the War, 422n., 279. For other examples of conflict between returning Confederate soldiers and black troops, see Charles E. Cauthen (ed.), Family Letters of the Three Wade Hamptons, 1782–1901 (Columbia, S.C., 1953), 129–30; Andrews, The South since the War, 28; New York Times, May 23, 26, 28, 1865.
102. D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 181; Ravenel, Private Journal, 245, 251; Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entry for March 31, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina; Petition of 18 Planters, Pineville, Charleston District, Sept. 1, 1865, Trenholm Papers, Univ. of North Carolina; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part II, 178; New York Times, Oct. 11, 1865; Evans, Ballots and Fence Rails, 79–80, 81; J. G. De Roulhac Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina (New York, 1914), 158–61; Jack D. L. Holmes, “The Underlying Causes of the Memphis Race Riot of 1866,” Tennessee Historical Review, XVII (1958), 217.
103. Evans, Ballots and Fence Rails, 79n.; Charles W. Ramsdell, Reconstruction in Texas (New York, 1910), 130–31; Andrews, The South since the War, 221.
104. Ravenel, Private Journal, 245–46, 247, 251; Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 362–63; Rev. John Hamilton Cornish, Ms. Diary, entry for June 18, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina.
105. John W. Burbidge to Joseph Glover, July 28, 1865, Glover-North Papers, Univ. of South Carolina; E. M. Jenkins and other citizens to Bvt. Maj. Gen. R. K. Scott, June 13, 1866, with endorsement by Maj. J. E. Cornelius; Frederick Reed to Bvt. Maj. Gen. R. K. Scott, June 13, 1866, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Lettere Received), Freedmen’s Bureau. See also Maj. George D. Reynolds to Lt. Stuart Eldridge, Oct. 5, 1865, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Senate Exec. Doc. 27, Reports of the Assistant Commissioners of the Freedmen’s Bureau [1865–1866], 126.
106. Christian Recorder, Sept. 9, Oct. 21, 1865. For racial clashes among Union soldiers, see John C. Chavis to James Red-path [June 16, 1865], Univ. of South Carolina; New York Times, July 24, 1865, May 17, 1866; Williamson, After Slavery, 258; Evans, Ballots and Fence Rails, 63–64; Ravenel, Private Journal, 246; Dennett, The South As It Is, 193–94, 255.
107. Christian Recorder, Sept. 9, 1865; Evans, Ballots and Fence Rails, 65.
108. Christian Recorder, Sept. 9, 1865; Christian A. Fleetwood to Dr. James Hall, June 8, 1865, Carter G. Woodson Collection, Library of Congress.
109. Ravenel, Private Journal, 274, 288–89; Nevins, War for the Union: The Organized War to Victory, 1864–1865, 367; New York Times, Oct. 17, 1866.
110. Dennett, The South As It Is, 319; Christian Recorder, Dec. 2, 1865; D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 232–33; A. R. Salley to “My Dear Aunt,” Nov. 13, 1865, Bruce, Jones, Murchison Papers, Univ. of South Carolina.
111. Christian Recorder, Sept. 9, Aug. 19, 1865; A. H. Haines to President Andrew Johnson, Records of the Assistant Commissioners, South Carolina (Letters Received), Freedmen’s Bureau; Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 173. For assaults on discharged black soldiers, see New Orleans Tribune, July 26, 28, Aug. 31, 1865; New York Times, June 21, 1866; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., House Exec. Doc. 70, Freedmen’s Bureau, 203, 236, 237, 238; Senate Exec. Doc. 27, Reports of the Assistant Commissioners of the Freedmen’s Bureau [1865–1866], 6.
112. Rawick, (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 127; South Carolina Leader (Charleston), March 31, 1866. For black Union veterans who returned to the old plantations, see Rawick (ed.), American Slave, V: Texas Narr. (Part 3), 155; VII: Okla. Narr., 253; XVI: Kansas Narr., 9.
113. Reid, After the War, 558–62.
114. New Orleans Tribune, Aug. 31, 1865. “When de war