Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [459]
44. Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 373–74, 375.
45. Ibid., 374–75.
46. LeGrand, Journal, 99–100; Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 375–76, 378–80.
47. Emma E. Holmes, Ms. Diary, entries for End of May, June 15, Aug. 14, 25, 1865, Univ. of South Carolina.
48. Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 374; Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 488; Stone, Brokenburn, 7–9. For the daily tasks of a housemaid under slavery, as recalled by an ex-slave who had assisted her mother, see Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VI: Ala. Narr., 416–17.
49. Eppes, Through Some Eventful Years, 310; Eppes, Negro of the Old South, 137, 139–40.
50. Trowbridge, The South, 328–29.
51. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, II: S.C. Narr. (Part 1), 22; Waterbury, Seven Years Among the Freedmen, 40.
52. D. E. H. Smith (ed.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 222; Hope L. Jones to “My Dear Aunt,” Feb. 28, 1866, Bruce-Jones-Murchison Papers, Univ. of South Carolina.
53. Trowbridge, The South, 291.
54. Dennett, The South As It Is, 15; Williamson, After Slavery, 73. See also Moore (ed.), The Juhl Letters (Aug. 31, 1865), 34.
55. Charles L. Wagandt, The Mighty Revolution: Negro Emancipation in Maryland, 1862–1864 (Baltimore, 1964), 42; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part IV, 16.
56. Andrews, The South since the War, 364; Fleming, Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama, 386; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1338. See also Moore (ed.), The Juhl Letters (Dec. 31, 1865), 59.
57. Andrews, War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl, 340; Trowbridge, The South, 491.
58. Wharton, Negro in Mississippi, 54; Dennett, The South As It Is, 6, 15, 102–03; Reid, After the War, 337; Trowbridge, The South, 78–79; Macrae, Americans at Home, 132, 294–95; Haviland, A Woman’s Life-Work, 306; Loring and Atkinson, Cotton Culture and the South, 6–7, 11; Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1244; Moore (ed.), The Juhl Letters (Jan. 26, 1866), 71; Selma Mirror, as quoted in New Orleans Tribune, Dec. 19, 1865; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part II, 109.
59. Dennett, The South As It Is, 290; Grace B. Elmore, Ms. Diary, entry for March 4, 1865, Univ. of North Carolina. For similar predictions, see, e.g., Loring and Atkinson, Cotton Culture and the South, 6–7, 20; Trowbridge, The South, 78; Macrae, Americans at Home, 295; Duncan McLaurin to Gov. E. Hawley, May 23, 1866, McLaurin Papers, Duke Univ.; Roark, Masters Without Slaves, 138.
60. Loring and Atkinson, Cotton Culture and the South, 9; Hepworth, Whip, Hoe, and Sword, 49–50; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part II, 130; Dennett, The South As It Is, 15; Reid, After the War, 164–65. Planters would use this argument repeatedly to explain violations of labor contracts by blacks and the folly of monthly wage payments in cash.
61. Andrews, The South since the War, 364.
62. Macrae, Americans at Home, 321; 39 Cong., 1 Sess., Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, Part III, 136; Moore (ed.), The Juhl Letters (July 22, 1865), 20; Dennett, The South As It Is, 15. On Dec. 2, 1866, the New Orleans Tribune reprinted this lament from the Brandon (Miss.) Republican: “Alas! he [the freedman] cannot sing and dance with the same zest now. He has no old master to furnish him food and raiment; no kind mistress to take care of him when he gets sick; no comfortable cabin to live in; no thick clothing to shield him from the storms; no banjo to pick, and his heart is so heavy he can’t sing and dance. Candidly, we have not seen or heard of a real old fashioned negro frolic since the poor darkey was set free.”
63. Trowbridge, The South, 136, 332.
64. Reid, After the War, 218.
65. Dennett, The South As It Is, 65.
66. Col. Samuel Thomas, Asst. Commissioner, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands for Mississippi and N.E. Louisiana, to Gen. Carl Schurz,