China's Trapped Transition_ The Limits of Developmental Autocracy - Minxin Pei [145]
157 Ministry of Public Security, Zhongguo gong‘an nianjian 2000, 213.
158 XinwenZhoukan18 (May 24, 2004), www.chinanewsweek.com.cn; www.chinanews.com.cn, April 28, 2004.
159 Kang Xiaoguang pointed out that the co-optation of the intelligentsia by the CCP critically weakened societal opposition after 1989. See Kang Xiaoguang, Zhongguo : Gaige shidaide zhengzhi fazhan yu zhengzhi wending (China: Political Development and Political Stability in the Era af Reform) (Beijing: Tsinghua University·, 2003).
160 Jonathan Unger and Anita Chan, “Corporatism in China: A Developmental State in an East Asian Context,” in McCormick and Unger, eds., China After Leninism, 95-129.
161 CCP COD, Propaganda Department, and State Education Commission, “Guanyu xinxingshi jiaqiang he gaijin gaodeng xuexiao dangde jianshe he sixiang zhengzhi gongzuo de ruogan yijian” (Some Suggestions on Strengthening and Improving the Party-Building and Ideological Political Work in Higher-Education Institutions under the New Conditions), Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhongyao jiaoyu wenxian, 1991-1997 (ImportantPRC Documents onEducation) (Hainan: Hainan chubanshe, 1998), 3546-3547.
162 Beijing Higher Education Bureau, Beijing gaodeng jiaoyu nianjian, 1995 (Beijing: Beijing gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe, 1995), 74-76.
163 Sichuan CCP POD, “Sichuansheng dixian dangzheng lingdao banzi nianqinghua jincheng diaocha baogao” (An Investigation of the Progress of Making Prefect and County Leadership Younger in Sichuan), in ZGYW 1997, 8.
164 Dangjian yanjiu (Party-Building Research)2 (1995): 32.
165 BYTNB 6 (2003): 29-30.
166 ZGYW 2000, 90.
167 State Education Commission, “Guanyu shishi kuaishiji youxiu rcncai pciyang jihua (renwen shchui kcxuc) dc tongzhi” (Announcement on the Training of Outstanding Scholars in [Humanities and Social Sciences] for the Next Century), Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhongyao jiaoyu wenxian, 1991-1997, 4185-4186.
168 www.chinanews.com.cn, May 28, 2004.
169 Vleng Jianzhu, “Xinxingshi xia jiaqiang minjian zuzhi dangjian gongzuo de sikao yu tansuo” (Some Thoughts and Experiments on the Work to Strengthen Party-Building Inside Civic Groups in the New Situation), Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao baogaoxuan (Selected Reports of the Chinese CommunistParty CentralParty School) 16 (2000): 17-28.
170 Yu Yunyao, “Buneng xishou shiyin qiyczhu rudang” (Private Entrepreneurs Must Not Be Admitted into the Party), Dangjian yanjiu 9 (1995): 4.
171 One example of the confusion over the political status of private entrepreneurs was an article published in April 2000 by Zhang Dejiang, the party chief of Zhcjiang. In his article, published in the CCP’s major journal on party-building, Zhang wrote, “The ban against admitting private entrepreneurs into the party must be made explicit. On this issue, the Central Committee issued explicit rules a long time ago, but there is quite a bit of confusion among some party leaders in some places over this issue.” Zhang Dejiang, “Jiaqiang feigongyouzhi qiye dangjian gongzuo xu yanjiu jiejue de jige wenti” (Several Issues on Intensifying the Work of Building the Party in Non-State Firms That Need to Be Studied and Resolved), Dangjian yanjiu 4 (2000): 14.
172 See chapter 5.
173 Dickson, Red Capitalists in China; www.chinanews.com.cn, February 19, 2003.
174 BYTNB 3 (2003): 20.
175 www.chinanews.com.cn, February 19, 2003.
176 “Chinese Capitalists Gain New Legitimacy,” The WashingtonPost, September 29, 2002, A01.
177 “For China’s Local Bigwigs, New Money Means Power,” The Washington Post, July 7, 2002, A01.
178 Dickson, Red Capitalists inChina, 116-141. The Washington Post, July 7, 2002, A01.
3. Rent Protection and Dissipation
1 The government’s monopoly over cotton procurement was partially ended in 1999. DRC, “Mianhua liutong tizhi yanjiu” (A Study of the Cotton Procurement System), DRC diaocha yanjiubaogao 17 (2000): 1-27.
2 Between 1992 and 1999, annual policy losses incurred by SOEs in the grain procurement system averaged 24 billion