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3 percent of the wholly-owned foreign firms in the city had party organizations. Shanghai Municipal CCP School, ”Xin jingji zuzhi dangjian gongzuo de xianzhuang yu qianzhan,” Dangjian yanjiu neican6 (2001): 11. In Shenzhen, only 4 percent of the foreign-invested firms had party cells. Li’an, ”Zai feigongyouzhi qiyezhong kaizhan dangjian gongzuo zhi wojian,” 1.

93 Lu Xianfu, ”Dangxian dangde jianshe de jige zhongda wenti,” 10.

94 ZGTJNJ 2003, 127.

95 For a description of the erosion of the party’s ideological values, see chapter 4.

96 The time of the survey was not disclosed. Lu Xianfu, ”Dangxian dangde jianshe de jige zhongda wenti,” 14.

97 Ha‘erbin CCP Municipal Organization Department, ”Guanyu tuijin dangzheng lingdao ganbu nengshang nengxia wenti de yanjiu baogao” (A Research Report on Improving the System of Promotion and Demotion of Party and Government Officials), in ZGYW 1998, part I, 365.

98 Anhui CCP POD, ”Tuijin dangzheng lingdao ganbu nengshang nengxia wenti yanjiu baogao” (A Research Report on Improving the System to Promote and Demote Party and Government Officials), in ZGYW 1998, part I, 335.

99 Sichuan CCP POD, ”Sichuansheng dixian dangzheng lingdao banzi nianqinghua jingcheng diaocha baogao,” ZGYW 1997, 20.

100 Yu Yunyao, ”Mianxiang xin shiji de Zhongguo gongchandang” (The Chinese Communist Party Faces the New Century), Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao baogaoxuan 1 (1998): 15.

101 www.people.com.cn. May 31, 2001.

102 Beijing CCP Municipal Organization Department, ”Beijingshi dangyuan duiwu jiegou fenxiji shutong dangyuan duiwu chukou wenti yanjiu” (A Study on the Structure of Party Members and the Issue of the Exit of Party Members in Beijing), ZGYW 2000, 229-232.

103 Ha’erbin CCP Municipal Organization Department, ”Guanyu tuijin dangzheng lingdao ganbu nengshang nengxia wenti de yanjiu baogao,” 365.

104 Jilin CCP POD, ”Guanyu bu chengzhi dangzheng lingdao ganbu xia de wenti de diaocha yu sikao” (An Investigation and Some Thoughts on Demoting Incompetent Party and Government Officials), ZGYW 1998, partI, 399.

105 Zeng Qinghong, ”Wei shixian 10/5 qijie de fazhan mubiao tigong zuzhi baozhcng he rencai zhichi” (Provide Organizational and Talent Support for the Development Goals of the 10th 5-Year Plan), Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao baogaoxuan16 (2000): 9.

106 Sichuan CCP POD, ”Sichuansheng tuijin dangzheng lingdao ganbu nengshang nengxia wenti diaoyan baogao” (An Investigative Research Report on the Issue of Promoting and Demoting Party and Government Officials in Sichuan Province), ZGYW 1998, part1, 298.

107 Changsha CCP Municipal Organization Department, ”Ganbu xia nan wenti yanjiu” (A Study of the Difficulty in Demoting Cadres), Dangjian yanjiu neican 5 (1997): 7.

108 DRC, ”Cunji zuzhi dc kunjing” (The Plight of Village Institutions), DRC diaocha yanjiubaogao169 (1999): 1-19.

109 Zhongguo gaige, nongcun,2 (2003): 47.

110 Sichuan CCP POD, ”Sichuansheng dangzheng lingdao banzi chengyuan sixiang zhengzhi suzhi zhuangkuang diaocha baogao” (An Investigative Report on the Status of the Ideological and Political Caliber of Prefect and County Party and Government Officials in Sichuan Province), ZGYW 1999, 25-26.

111 Xu Xuehai et al., ”Shehui jingji guanxi xinbianhua yu dangzheng jiguan ganbu duiwu jianshe wenti tanwei” (New Changes in Socioeconomic Relations and Some Tentative Thoughts on the Building of the Ranks of Party and Government Officials), Shehuikexue zhanxian (Social Sciences Gazette)1 (2000): 230.

112 Murray Scot Tanner provides an extensive analysis of the rising social unrest in China in ”China Rethinks Unrest,” The Washington Quarterly27 (3): 137-156.

113 The data cited here are from No. 4 Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, ”Woguo fasheng quntixing shijian de diaocha yu sikao” (A Study and Reflection on Collective Incidents in China), Neibu canyueAugust 10, 2001, 18. Lu Xueyi, ”Nongcun yao jingxing di‘erci gaige” (Rural Areas Need Another Reform), in Ru Xin et al., eds., SHLPS 2004, 190.

114 Yu Jianrong, ”Nongmin youzuzhi