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Neoauthoritarianism; predatory state and

Newly industrializing countries (NIC): China financial crisis compared with

News Corp.: investment in China Netcom

Newspapers

Nomenclatural system (CCP): court appointments and

Nomination: elite influence in process ; of village candidates

Nonbank financial institutions

Non-democratic countries: democratic transition zone and

Nonperforming loans. See NPL ratios

Nonstate sector; growing alongside of state sector

NPC. See National People’s Congress

NPL ratios

Nurturing state: economic growth in

O’Bricn, Kevin

O’Donnell, Guillermo

Off-budget revenues; discretion and opacity of collection

Office of the Central Government’s Staffing Commission

Official appointments: selling of

Official privileges

Officials: corruption among; cost of supporting; crime and punishment among; double-dipping by; mafia connections by; monitoring of . See also Mafia

Offshore accounts: transfer of illicit funds to

Oi, Jean

Olson, Mancur

One-party system; rule of law and

Open nominations

Opposition: preventing

Organic Law (1998)

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development

Organized crime. See also Mafia

Output; SOE share of

Overcentralization of power: in CCP

Overseas travel

Oversight: by NPC

Pareto-improving market liberalization

Pareto positive reform

Partial reform equilibrium

Party-building: in rural areas

Party Secretariat

Party-state: authority of; inefficiency of

Path-dependent reform

Patronage: from asset control; in CCP

Peasants: economic demands of; economic status of; marginalization of ; refusal to pay taxes and fees; state and. See also Rural areas; Villages

Peng Chong

People’s Bank Law

People’s Congress; local and national ; popular nominations of candidates for

People’s Court Organic Law

People’s Liberation Army (PLA): judges as former members of

Per capita income; rural unrest and

Personnel: costs of; excess state-employed

Personnel system reform: as task force recommendation

Pinochet regime: big-bang approach and

Planned economies: comprehensive economic transformation and

Pluralism: institutional

POD. See Provincial organization department

Police: Internet

Policymakers: constraints on

Policy-making: institutional pluralism and

Politburo

Political bosses: fiefdoms and monopolistic powers of

Political crisis (1989): impact on political reform

Political development: erosion of state capacity and; lack of change in; positive changes in; rankings of ; rural decay and discontent and

Political monopoly: conversion into economic rents

Political party. See Chinese Communist Party

Political power: in economic and regime transitions

Political reform: content and goals of ; Deng Xiaoping on; economic reform dependent on; goals of; lack of; 1989 political crisis and; risks of; ruling elites on; task force recommendations for. See also Economic reform

Political stability: discontent and; ranking of China by

Political system: academic thought about ; breakdown in; economic development and; failure of economic gradualism and; regional competition in; structural imbalances in; weakness of

Politics: CCP mass mobilization and ; market reforms and; support for reform in

Politicsof Lawmaking inPost-Mao China, The (Tanner)

Polity IV project: China rated by

Pollution: environmental degradation and

Population: living in poverty; mobility of

Post-totalitarian regimes: gradualism and

Post-transition state predation

Poverty: healthcare and; among laid-off workers; levels of; population living in

Power: redistribution of

Predation: administrative; decentralized; fiscal decentralization and; off-budget revenues for; results of

Predatory states; developmental autocracies as; developmental economy transformed to; economic development and reform in ; economic growth in; pricing by China Telecom and; principal/agent in; theory of

Price(s): of grain; set