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Principal: erosion of authority of

Principal-agent relations: before and during institutional change; in predation

Private entrepreneurs: co-optation of

Private firms: barriers to entry for; former officials as owners of; in grain market; in health care; in telecom service sector

Private sector: CCP and; loans to

Privatization: capital acquisition through ; of SOEs

Procurement system. See Grain procurement system

Profit: agricultural

Property rights: centralization of; decentralization of; legal protection for

Prosecution: for official corruption

Prosperity: corruption and

Protectionism: local

Protests; collective ; containment of social unrest and

Provinces: budgetary allocations in; mafia states in; marketization of

Provincial governments: fiscal system and

Provincial organization department (POD): of Chinese Communist Party

Provincial People’s Congress: election of deputies to

Public finance; local; rural

Public goods: insufficient supply of

Public health: state incapacitation and

Public opinion: on economic status elites vs. workers and peasants

Public safety: state incapacitation and

Public services: rural attitudes and. See also Services

Punishment: of corrupt officials

Qiao Xiaoyang

Quotas: on grain production and prices

Rawski, Thomas

Reemployment: of laid-off workers

Reform (s); in banking sector; CCP resistance to; constituency of; crisis of 1989 and ; economic; end of partial reform equilibrium; governance deficits and; of grain procurement system; institutional ; legal; market; partial reform equilibrium and; political; structural ; support for; of telecom service sector. See also specific types of reform

Reform coalition

Reform strategy

Regime collapse: as alternative to renewed reforms

Regime survival: decentralized predation after regime changes and; post-totalitarian entrenchment and; during reform; rent protection and

Regime transition: political power in

Regulation: of banking; of Internet use; modeled after FCC; telecom joint venture and

Regulatory quality: ranking of China by

Rent dissipation: gradualism and

Rent protection: gradualism and; regime survival, economic inefficiency, and

Rents: creation, allocation, and protection by authoritarian regime ; protection and dissipation in banking system; in telecom service sector

Repression: ranking of China by; selective

Reserve cadres: CCP and

Reservoirs: decline of

Residual rents: access to

Resistance; by peasants. See also Protests

Resources: allocation of; diversion to private use

Retirement age: fifty-nine phenomenon and

Revenue: GDP and; total state. See also Finance and Financial entries; Fiscal entries

Revenue collection: by central and local governments

Riots: rural

Roland, Gárard

Rozelle, Scott

Rule of law: ranking of China by

Rural areas: CCP decline in; discontent in; healthcare in; income in; lack of growth in; riots in; tensions due to financial crisis. See also Peasants; Villages

Rural cooperative health system: collapse of

Rural credit co-ops (RCCs)

Rural governments: investment in manufacturing

Rural income: extraction through tax on grain

Rural public finance: crisis in

Rural township governments: fiscal conditions for

Safety: decline of public and workplace

Salient systems contradictions

SARS. See Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

SCBs. See State commercial banks (SCBs)

Schmitter, Philippe

Security apparatus

Selective repression

Self-government: in villages

Self-interest: predation from

Services: decline of public; public health

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Shaanxi Province

Shah, Anwar

Shandong: village committee officials in

Shang Yuechun

Shao Daosheng

Sheng Shuren

Shi, Tianjian

Shleifer, Andrei

Shortages: of grain

Sichuan: mayor of Buyun in

Silt: in Yangtze

Sixteenth Congress of Chinese Communist Party: Li Rui speech at

Slush funds

Smuggling

Social change