Day of Empire_ How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance--And Why They Fall - Amy Chua [197]
23. My discussion of Jahangir and Shah Jahan is based on Eraly, The Mughal Throne, pp. 238-43, 304-5, 308-30; Mukhia, The Mughals of India, p. 20; Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, Muslim Revivalist Movements in Northern India in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Agra, India: Balkrishna Book Co., 1965), p. 328. On the Peacock Throne, see K.R.N. Swamy, “As Priceless as the Peacock Throne,” The Tribune (India), Jan. 20, 2000, available at www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000130/spectrum/main7.htm.
24. On Aurangzeb's struggle for the throne and intolerant policies, see Eraly, The Mughal Throne, pp. 334-36, 370, 391-92, 401; Mukhia, The Mughals of India, pp. 24-26, 34-36; Richards, The Mughal Empire, pp. 171-84; Stanley Wolpert, A New History of India, 7th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 159-60, 168.
EIGHT: THE BRITISH EMPIRE: “REBEL BUGGERS’ AND THE “WHITE MAN'S BURDEN”
Epigraphs: The Voltaire quote can be found in Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, “Toleration in Enlightenment Europe,” in Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, eds., Toleration in Enlightenment Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 4. Kipling's quote can be found in Rudyard Kipling, Plain Tales from the Hills, H. R. Woudhuysen, ed. (London: Penguin, 1990), p. 162. Gandhi's quote can be found in Gandhi, Young India 1919-1922 (New York: B. W. Huebsch, Inc., 1924), p. 299.
1. The comparison of Britons to “Cannibals” is from a 1648 English pamphlet, quoted in Jonathan Scott, “What the Dutch Taught Us: The Late Emergence of the Modern British State,” Times Literary Supplement, Mar. 16,2001, pp. 4-5. Excellent discussions of intolerance in pre-Enlightenment Britain in clude the scholarly essays in Ruth Whelan and Carol Baxter, eds., Toleration and Religious Identity: The Edict of Nantes and Its Implications in France, Britain and Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2003), especially John Miller, “Pluralism, Persecution and Toleration in France and Britain in the Seven teenth Century,” pp. 166-78. It is often overlooked how much Britain's transformation and rise to global dominance after 1688 was influenced by the Dutch. On this topic, see Immanuel Wallerstein, Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750, vol. 2 of The Modern World-System (San Diego: Academic Press, 1980), pp. 67, 277-79, 285-86; Charles Wilson, The Dutch Republic and the Civilisation of the Seventeenth Century (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), pp. 24011; Scott, “What the Dutch Taught Us,” pp. 4,6.
2. Diderot lamented that France had expatriated a “prodigious multitude of ex cellent people,” thereby “enriching neighboring Kingdoms.” Alan C. Kors, “The Enlightenment and Toleration,” in Toleration and Religious Identity, pp. 202-3. On the Bill of Rights and Act of Toleration, see Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), pp. 111-12; Justin Champion, “Toleration and Citizenship in Enlight enment England: John Toland and the Naturalization of the Jews, 1714— 1753,” in Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, p. 133. On the role of Jews in Great Britain, see Todd M. Endelman, The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002), pp. 15-17, 19-21, 24-25, 28-29; Jonathan I. Israel, European]ewry in the Age of Mercantilism, 1550-1750, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), pp. 5, 57, 127-30.
3. Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, pp. 24-25; Wallerstein, Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, pp. 245-46, 248.
4. Israel, European Jewry in the Age of Mercantilism, pp. 123, 127-30, 132-34; Wallerstein, Mercantilism