Empire Lost - Andrew Stewart [150]
2 J. Ellis Barker, 'The British Empire and the United States', Current History (Vol. 15, No. 2; November 1921), pp. 258-62; Admiral Mark Kerr, 'Understanding and Friendship Between English-Speaking People', Empire Review (No. 463; August 1939), pp. 76-7.
3 This supplement, Current History, was the oldest United States publication devoted exclusively to world affairs and had been founded in 1914 in order to provide detailed coverage of what was then known as the Great War. It subsequently has proven to be one of the most distinguished of American journals.
4 Alastair Buchan, 'Mothers and Daughters (Of Greeks and Romans)', Foreign Affairs (Vol. 54, No. 4; July 1976), pp. 651-3; D. C. Watt, Personalities and Policies, pp. 37-8.
5 Peter Carlson, 'Raiding the Icebox: Behind Its Warm Front, the United States Made Cold Calculations to Subdue Canada', Washington Post, 30 December 2005; the Dominions were all shades of Red—Canada was Crimson, New Zealand was Garnet, Australia was Scarlet (India was included as Ruby).
6 Robert Stewart, 'Instruments of British Policy in the Sterling Area', Political Science Quarterly (Vol. 52, No. 2; June 1937), pp. 176-81. This of course was not a new idea, Leo Amery, one of the leading supporters of Imperial Preference, had noted before the meeting began that it would 'register either the final triumph or the failure of nearly fifty years of continuous effort to secure the practical acceptance of the principle that the unity and the strength of the Empire and the welfare of each part of it depend upon mutual economic cooperation'; L. S. Amery, 'The Imperial Economic Conference', International Affairs (Vol. 11, No. 5; September 1932), p. 678.
7 Most notable amongst these were Sweden, Denmark and Argentina; Andrew McFadyean, 'International Repercussions of the Ottawa Agreements', International Affairs (Vol. 12, No. 1; January 1933), pp. 37-59.
8 Lord Beloff, 'The End of the British Empire and the Assumption of Worldwide Commitments by the United States' in Roger Louis and Bull (eds), The 'Special Relationship', pp. 250-2.
9 H. G. Nicholas, The United States and Britain (London, 1975), p. 57.
10 'Howe y. England', Time, 5 December 1938; following the fall of France and the growing understanding that the Nazi threat would not necessarily skirt American shores, whilst recognizing the extremes of some his previous argument Time praised Howe for being a 'cultured, loquacious, birdlike Bostonian with a famous father (Pulitzer Prize Biographer Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe), a shrewd editorial sense, a mercurial mind'; 'Howe Behind the News', Time, 25 November 1940.
11 John Harvey (ed.), The Diplomatic Diaries of Oliver Harvey, 1937-1940 (London, 1970), pp. 67-86.
12 F. M. Leventhal, 'The Projection of Britain in America before the Second World War' in Wm. Roger Louis, Still More Adventures with Britannia (London, 2003), pp. 198-204.
13 Arnold Toynbee and Frank T. Ashton-Gwatkin (eds), Survey of International Affairs: The World in March 1939 (London, 1952), p. 1; from 1925 Toynbee had served as Director of Studies at Chatham House—and would do so for 30 years—plus he worked within the FO during the war, attended the post-war peace talks and still found time to produce a monumental twelve volume study of the rise and fall of civilizations ('A Study of History').
14 Douglas Fairbanks Jr to Eden, 18 October 1939 (University of Birmingham Special Collections) AP20/7/81; he spent part of his childhood in London, as a result of which he became a passionate