FDR - Jean Edward Smith [482]
45. Quoted in Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny 370 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990).
46. George VI to FDR, June 3, 1941, FDRL. “I often think of those talks we had at Hyde Park,” wrote the King. “After so many years of anxiety, when what we wanted to happen seemed so far from realisation, it is wonderful to feel that at last our two great countries are getting together for the future betterment of the world.… My prime minister, Mr. Churchill, is indefatigable at his work. He is a great man, and has at last come into his own as leader of his country in this fateful time in her history. I have every confidence in him.”
King George, who wrote in beautiful script, asked to write to FDR directly. “So many communications between Heads of State have to go through ‘official channels.’ ” The King signed himself “Believe me Yours very sincerely George R.I. [Rex Imperator].”
47. Harold L. Ickes, 3 The Secret Diaries of Harold L. Ickes 523 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1955). After cabinet Stimson lamented, “because the President shows evidence of waiting for the accidental shot of some irresponsible captain on either side to be the occasion of his going to war.” Stimson diary (MS), May 23, 1941.
48. For a list of British ships lost in the American patrol zone, see WSC to FDR, May 23, 1941, 1 Churchill & Roosevelt 195.
49. WSC to FDR, May 3, 1941, ibid. 181–182.
50. FDR to WSC, May 10, 1941, ibid. 184–185.
51. Berle diaries (MS), May 26, 1941, FDRL.
52. “Fireside Chat Announcing Unlimited National Emergency,” May 27, 1941, 10 Public Papers and Addresses 181–194. The text of the president’s proclamation (No. 2487) is in ibid. 194–195.
53. FDR to WSC, May 27, 1941, 1 Churchill & Roosevelt 196–197. “Pray accept my heartfelt thanks,” Churchill replied. “It was very kind of you to let me know beforehand of the great advance you found it possible to make.” WSC to FDR, May 28, 1941, ibid. 198–199.
54. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins 298.
55. Gallup Poll, June 15, 1941 (polling dates June 9–14), The Gallup Poll 284. The opposition to war still ran strong. A similar Gallup Poll published on June 20 reported 56 percent of Americans still favored a national referendum before troops were sent overseas. Ibid. 285.
56. New York Herald Tribune, May 29, 1941.
57. Jervis Anderson, A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait 256–258 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973).
58. Amsterdam News, June 27, 1941.
59. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time 242 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994).
60. Ibid. 245.
61. Last Will and Testament of Franklin D. Roosevelt, November 12, 1941, FDRL.
62. James Roosevelt, My Parents: A Differing View 108 (Chicago: Playboy Press, 1976).
63. Williamson Murray and Allan B. Millett, A War to Be Won 120–123 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000).
64. 6 Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches 6427–6431, Robert Rhodes James, ed. (London: Chelsea House, 1974).
65. 3 Documents on American Foreign Relations 364–365 (New York: World Peace Foundation, 1942).
66. Press Conference 750, June 24, 1941, 17 Complete Presidential Press Conferences 408–411.
67. Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt 640.
68. Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War 537–543.
69. Quoted in Burns, Soldier of Freedom 115.
70. Gallup Poll, July 14, 1941, The Gallup Poll 288.
71. FDR to Lend-Lease Administrator, Lend-Lease to Russia, November 7, 1941, 10 Public Papers and Addresses 481. Also see Warren F. Kimball, The Juggler: Franklin Roosevelt as Wartime Statesman 37 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991).
72. Burns, Soldier of Freedom 105.
73. Morgenthau diaries (MS), February 17, 1941, FDRL.
74. Churchill, Grand Alliance 429.
75. Theodore A. Wilson, The First Summit: Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia Bay, 1941 61–67 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969).
76. Michael F. Reilly, as told to William J. Slocum, in Reilly of the White House 120 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1947).
77. Ibid. 120.
78. Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It 25 (New York: