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Columbia University. “PM’s sleeping habits have now become quite promiscuous,” wrote British Foreign Office Undersecretary Sir Alexander Cadogan. “He talks with President till 2 am and consequently spends a large part of day hurling himself violently in and out of bed, bathing at unsuitable moments and rushing up and down the corridors in his dressing gown.” Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938–1945 559, David Dilks, ed. (New York: Putnam, 1972).

27. Pogue, 3 George C. Marshall 249; Albert C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports 245 (New York: Henry Holt, 1958).

28. Einstein felt singularly honored by the president and afterward composed a jingle:

In der Haupstadt stolzer Pracht

Wo das Schicksal wird gemacht

Kämpfet froh ein stolzer Mann

Der die Lösung schaffen kann.

Which, translated loosely, reads:

In the Capital’s proud glory

Where Destiny unfolds her story,

Fights a man with happy pride

Who solution can provide.

Ronald W. Clark, Einstein: The Life and Times 514 (New York: World, 1971).

29. MAUD Report, July 15, 1941, in Margaret Gowing, Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–1945 394 ff. (New York: Macmillan, 1964).

30. Churchill, Hinge of Fate 814.

31. Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb 377 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985). Before the war ended, appropriations for the Manhattan Project would exceed $2 billion, and it would employ more than 150,000 persons with plants at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Hanford, Washington, aside from the research facility at Los Alamos, New Mexico.

32. A facsimile of FDR’s note to Bush is ibid. 388.

33. In the House, Stimson met with Rayburn, Majority Leader John McCormack, and minority leader Joe Martin; in the Senate, with Majority Leader Alban Barkley and Republicans Styles Bridges of New Hampshire and Wallace White of Maine. Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War 614 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948). The view expressed by Rayburn was shared by all. “If I don’t know a secret,” said Rayburn, “I can’t let it leak out.” None of the legislators ever pressed Stimson for details. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War 211 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988).

34. Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich 225–229 (New York: Macmillan, 1970).

35. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 667.

36. FDR to WSC, October 11, 1941, 1 Churchill & Roosevelt 249–250.

37. Churchill, Hinge of Fate 380–381.

38. Ibid. Also see Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins 593; Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time 346 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994).

39. Quoted in Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945 417 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).

40. For the text of the Quebec atomic agreement, see Rhodes, Making of the Atomic Bomb 523.

41. Quoted in Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt 418.

42. 1 Correspondence Between the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Presidents of the USA and the Prime Ministers of Great Britain During the Great Patriotic War 157–161; vol. 2, 84–94 (Moscow: Foreign Language Publishers, 1957).

43. Ted Morgan, FDR: A Biography 677–680 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985).

44. Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs: FDR, Cordell Hull, and Sumner Welles 312–317 (New York: Enigma Books, 1995); Morgan, FDR 682–685; cf. Cordell Hull, 2 Memoirs 1230–1231 (New York: Macmillan, 1948).

45. Eleanor Roosevelt, This I Remember 63 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949). Mrs. Roosevelt deleted the names in her retelling.

46. FDR, Fireside Chat, July 28, 1943, 12 Public Papers and Addresses 333.

47. Samuel I. Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt 395 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952).

48. FDR, Message to Congress, October 27, 1943, 12 Public Papers and Addresses 450–451.

49. FDR, June 22, 1944, 13 Public Papers and Addresses 180–182.

50. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 787.

51. Department of Veterans Affairs, History of G.I. Bill, www.gibill.va.gov/GI_Bill_Info/history.htm.

52. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear 787.

53. The 58,000-ton Iowa, sister ship of New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Missouri, was 888 feet in length and