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Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis, 86

Goldfish: mutual protection by, 58

Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla, 63

Greeks, 178

Grooming, reciprocal:

by primates, 66

Grosbeak(s), 86

Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus: female feeds male, 69

Group selection. See Intergroup selection

Grouse, Black, Lyrurus tetrix, 27

Sage, Centrocercus urophasianus, 27

Guava, Psidium guajava, 86

Gull, Black-headed, Larus ridibundus, 64

H

Hands:

and intelligence, 95

Hares:

ground thumping by, 59

Harmonization, 1213, 15, 17, 33, 4143, 7778, 141, 193, 197200

Hawk, Cooper's, Accipiter cooperii, 58

Heath Hen, Tympanuchus cupido, 144

Hebb, D. O., 165

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 153

Hegner, R. W., 126

Heliamphora nutans, 101

Helpers, mammalian, 7678.

For birds see cooperative breeding

Hen, domestic:

social hierarchies of, 60

Heresies, biological:

anthropomorphism, 13234;

intergroup selection, 14350;

teleology, 13443

Herodotus, 67

Hillstar, Andean, Oreotrochilus estella;

female feeds male, 69

Horse:

annoying behavior of, 188;

conflict between stallion and gelding, 3435;

friendship with other animals, 39;

mutual grooming by, 6667;

relations with plants, 8586

Howell, Thomas R., 67

Hudson, William Henry, 71

Human bondage:

release from, 51;

source of, 50

Human nature:

intrinsic goodness of, 50

Page 213

Humans, humankind:

auguries of salvation of, 201202;

excessive abundance of, 201;

relations with plants, 8788;

threatened disaster of, 201;

tribal life of, 95

Hummingbirds, 28, 158

Hunger: as cause of conflict, 3739

Huntsman's Cup, Sarracenia purpurea, 99, 100

Hydra, Green, 129

Hymenoptera, 64;

social bonds of, 70

I

Ideals:

barbarous, 18287;

need of, 19093

Ikhnaton, 178

Immelmann, Klaus, 64

Individual distance of birds:

as mobile territory, 64

Insects:

abundance of, 85;

exploitation of plants by, 85;

number of species of, 85

Instinct:

and learning, 165;

phases of, 16668;

and reflex action, 16465;

subordination to intelligence of, 16971

Insulation of organisms:

consequences of, 38, 199

Intellectual maturity:

and vital integrity, 19092

Intelligence, 16971;

aberrations of dawning, 18790;

of animals, 18790;

disillusion of, 18687;

gigantic task of nascent, 17172;

rank growth of special motives of, 17982;

tragic mistake of nascent, 17275

Intergroup selection, 131, 14350;

absence of in vegerative multiplication, 147;

changing attitudes toward, 150;

compared with interindividual selection, 14345;

and cooperative breeding, 14647;

measures of fitness in, 14344;

and sexual reproduction, 4647;

transcends specific limits, 149

Isaiah, 39

J

Jacaranda trees, Jacaranda spp., 81

Jackals, Canis aureus, 77

Jackdaw, Corvus monedula, 61

Jackfish, Crevalle, 58

Jay, Brown, Cyanocorax morio:

cooperative breeding of, 75

European, Garrulus glandarius: social relations of, 61

Florida scrub, Aphelocoma coerulescens: cooperative breeding of, 75

Johnson, Robert A., 76

Jolly, Alison, 66

K

Kipling,John Lockwood, 38

Knorr, Owen A., 71

Köhler, Wolfgang, 171, 18788

Kropotkin, Petr Aleksyeevich, 54, 77

L

Labroides dimidiatus, 68

Language:

effects of, 9596;

origins of, 95

Langurs, Presbytis spp., brutality of, 25

Lawrence, Louise de Kiriline, 69

Leks, 28. See also courtship assemblies

Lemurs:

grooming by, 66

Lentibulariaceae, 108

Lianas:

aggressiveness of, 81, 84

Life, or living organisms:

adaptation to environment of, 12;

conflicts of, 1314;

consequences of insulation of, 18;

toughness and aggressiveness of, 813

Lions, Felis leo:

brutality