History of Western Philosophy - Bertrand Russell [494]
Aquinas, St Thomas 420–1;
Aristotle 164–5, 198;
Leibniz, G. W. 536
Upanishads 681
Urban II, Pope 399
Urban V, Pope 444
Urban VI, Pope 444–5
usury 181–2, 568
utilitarianism 698–705;
Bentham, J. 656;
Helvetius 655;
Locke, J. 571, 572, 587
Utopia:
Aristotle on Plato's Republic 182–3;
More, T. 477–80;
Plato 111–20, 182–3;
Plotinus 272;
Sparta 107
vagueness, Hume, D. 602
Valentinian II, Emperor 315, 316–18
Valla, Lorenzo 365, 459–60, 473
value, labour theory of 578–9
Vandals 313;
Africa 314;
conversion to Catholicism 358;
flight of learned men to Ireland 374–5;
invasion of Western Empire 341, 342
Venice 410, 457, 458
Vercelli, Madame de 624
Verona, Council of (1184) 414–15
Vesalius 500
violence, romantic movement 657, 692
Virgil 260
virginity 320, 322, 332, 340
virtue:
Aristotle 168–73, 176, 181, 183, 184;
Augustine, St 333, 335, 336–7;
Bentham, J. 699;
Christianity 280, 291, 311;
Cynics 222–3;
Epicurus 233;
free will 254;
government 183;
greatest-happiness principle 699;
Judaism 291, 297;
knowledge 97;
Locke, J. 559–60, 561–2;
Machiavelli, N. 470–1;
Nietzsche, F. W. 689;
Pelagian heresy 339;
Plato 84;
prudence 561–2;
Socrates 96, 97;
Sophists 83–4;
Stoicism 242, 243–4, 245, 252–5
Visconti family 458
Visigoths 342
vision, Plato 124–6, 130–1, 136–7
Vogelweide, Walther von der 410
void 75–7, 197
Voltaire 531, 552, 584, 626, 627
vortex theory 515, 583
Vulgate 303, 319, 336, 460, 474
Waldenses 414–15
Waldo, Peter 414–15
war:
Aristotle 181, 185, 186;
Hegel, G. W. F. 670;
Hellenistic age 217;
Heraclitus 49, 51;
Hobbes, T. 505, 510;
Kant, I. 645–6;
Locke, J. 570, 572, 575–6, 587–8;
Marx, K. 712–13;
More, T. 479, 480;
Nietzsche, F. W. 689–90, 692, 693, 695;
Plato 114, 136–7;
practical science 454;
romantic movement 616;
Rousseau, J. J. 625;
Sparta 100, 103, 106
Warens, Madame de 624
water:
Anaximander 35, 36;
Anaximenes 36;
Aristotle 198;
Empedocles 62;
Heraclitus 49;
Thales 34;
Xenophanes 47
wealth:
Aristotle 181–2, 183, 184;
Locke, J. 579;
Plato 136–7
Weierstrass, Karl 738
Western Empire:
barbarian invasions 341–2, 344;
demise of 286;
Doctors of the Western Church 314–28;
Hellenism 263–5;
Holy Roman Empire 366–7;
reconquest by Justinian 348;
relation of Church and State 337–8;
transmission of knowledge from East 397
wheel of birth 30, 32, 41
whole, Hegel, G. W. F. 671–3
will:
Aristotle 196;
Descartes, R. 514–15;
Fascism and Nazism 713;
God's 422–3;
Hobbes, T. 504;
Nietzsche, F. W. 687, 689–90, 691, 692;
romantic movement 657;
Schopenhauer, A. 681, 683–6
William of Champeaux 404
William the Conqueror 386, 388
William of Malmesbury 376
William of Moerbeke 419
William of Occam 417, 428, 432–8, 443
William the Pious, Duke of Aquitaine 383
wisdom:
Aquinas, St Thomas 419;
Bacon, R. 429;
Plato 109–10, 116–17, 122, 124–6, 137, 139–40, 149–50
witchcraft 463
women:
Aristotle 170, 180;
Bentham, J. 700;
Condorcet, M. de 655;
cult of Dionysus 25;
equality 114, 170, 256, 655, 689;
Greece 20, 31;
hatred of 690–1, 693;
Nietzsche, F. W. 689, 690–1, 693;
Orphism 28;
Plato's Republic 114;
rise of civilization 25;
Romans 263–4;
Sparta 100–1, 104, 106;
Stoicism 256;
votes for 700
Word 45, 328
writing 15–16, 20–1
Wycliffe 443, 445–7
Xenophanes 23, 47–8, 49
Xenophon 89–90, 96, 216
Xerxes, King of Persia 65–6, 85, 103, 266
Yahweh:
Antiochus IV 297;
development of Judaism 293–4, 307;
Gnosticism 305;
sin 323–4
Zacharias, Pope 368
Zealots 302
Zeller 71, 72, 83, 163
Zeno 230, 241, 242–3, 245;
dialectice 97;
ethics 246;
Leucippus 71;
Plato's theory of ideas 128–30
Zeus 243, 245, 250–1
Zoroastrianism 211, 306, 439
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Footnotes
INTRODUCTION
1 This opinion was not unknown in earlier times: it is stated, for example, in the Antigone of Sophocles. But before the Stoics those who held it were few.
2 That is why the modern Russian does not think that we ought to obey dialectical materialism rather than Stalin.
1 THE RISE OF GREEK CIVILIZATION
1 Arithmetic