History of Western Philosophy - Bertrand Russell [495]
2 Diana was the Latin equivalent of Artemis. It is Artemis who is mentioned in the Greek Testament where our translation speaks of Diana.
3 She has a male twin or consort, the 'Master of Animals', but he is less prominent. It was at a later date that Artemis was identified with the Great Mother of Asia Minor.
4 See The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion, by Martin P. Nilsson, p. 11 ff.
5 See P. N. Ure, The Origin of Tyranny.
6 For instance, 'Gimel', the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet, means 'camel', and the sign for it is a conventionalized picture of a camel.
7 Beloch, Griechische Geschichte, chap. xii.
8 Rostovtseff, History of the Ancient World, Vol. I, p. 399.
9 Five Stages of Greek Religion, p. 67.
10 Primitive Culture in Greece, H. J. Rose, 1925, p. 193.
11 Zoroaster's date, however, is very conjectural. Some place it as early as 1000 B.C. See Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. IV, p. 207.
12 As a result of the defeat of Athens by Sparta, the Persians regained the whole coast of Asia Minor, to which their right was acknowledged in the Peace of Antalcidas (387–6 B.C.). About fifty years later, they were incorporated in Alexander's empire.
13 Rose, Primitive Greece, p. 65 ff.
14 J. E. Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, p. 651.
15 I mean mental intoxication, not intoxication by alcohol.
16 The verse translations in this chapter are by Professor Gilbert Murray.
17 Mystically indentified with Dionysus.
18 One of the many names of Dionysus.
19 On the other hand Cornford's books on various Platonic dialogues seem to me wholly admirable.
2 THE MILESIAN SCHOOL
1 Rostovtsev, History of the Ancient World, Vol. I, p. 204.
2 Burnet (Early Greek Philosophy, p. 51) questions this last saying.
3 PYTHAGORAS
1 The Greek cities of Sicily were in danger from the Carthaginians, but in Italy this danger was not felt to be imminent.
2 Aristotle says of him that he 'first worked at mathematics and arithmetic, and afterwards, at one time, condescended to the wonder-working practised by Pherecydes.'
3 Clown: What is the opinion of Pythagoras concerning wildfowl?
Malvolio: That the soul of our grandam might haply inhabit a bird.
Clown: What thinkest thou of his opinion?
Malvolio: I think nobly of the soul, and no way approve his opinion.
Clown: Fare thee well; remain thou still in darkness; thou shalt hold the opinion of Pythagoras ere I will allow of thy wits. (Twelfth Night.)
4 Quoted from Burnet's Early Greek Philosophy.
5 Cornford, op. cit., p. 201.
6 Early Greek Philosophy, p. 108.
7 But not by Euclid. See Heath, Greek Mathematics. The above proof was probably known to Plato.
8 'Self-evident' was substituted by Franklin for Jefferson's 'sacred and undeniable.'
4 HERACLITUS
1 Quoted from Edwyn Bevan, Stoics and Sceptics, Oxford, 1913, p. 121.
2 Cornford, op. cit. (p. 184), emphasizes this, 1 think rightly. Heraclitus is often misunderstood through being assimilated to other Ionians.
3 But cf. 'We step and do not step into the same rivers: we are, and are not.'
5 PARMENIDES
1 Burnet's note; 'The meaning, I think, is this.... There can be no thought corresponding to a name that is not the name of something real.'
6 EMPEDOCLES
1 It does not appear who 'they' are, but one may assume that they are those who have preserved purity.
9 THE ATOMISTS
1 Cyril Bailey, The Greek Atomists and Epicurus, estimates that he flourished about 430 B.C. or a little earlier.
2 From Thales to Plato, p. 193.
3 Greek Mathematics, Vol. I, p. 176.
4 On Generation and Corruption, 316a.
5 This interpretation is adopted by Burnet, and also, at least as regards Leucippus, by Bailey (op. cit., p. 83).
6 See Bailey, op. cit., p. 121, on the determinism of Democritus.
7 On the logical and mathematical grounds for the theories