Inside of a Dog_ What Dogs See, Smell, and Know - Alexandra Horowitz [133]
see also infants, human
chimpanzees
animal cognition research on, 4–5, 102n, 145, 147, 148, 150–51, 157, 193
begging experiments with, 156
big-brain hypothesis and, 8–9
contagious yawns and, 280
human evolution and, 61–62, 62n
"mark" test of self-awareness, 218–19, 220
smile of, 16
chow chow, 3, 50
cilia, smell and, 71, 74
circadian rhythms, 88, 212–15, 227–28
see also time, experience of
cities and city design
grid-based, 86–87
human visual perception and, 136–37
life of urban dogs, 163, 283–85
in odor control, 86–87
paving, 86–87
personal space and, 17
sounds and, 251–52
street filth and, 56, 295
Clever Hans, 163–66
clicker training, 256n
see also training
cloned dogs, 52
clothing
anthropomorphism and, 17–19, 29, 56
dog height and, 244–45
odors on, 71, 75–76, 77, 78, 85, 244
raincoats for dogs, 17–19
coats for dogs, 17–19
cognition. see animal cognition; physical cognition; social cognition
collie, 48, 96–97, 98
color vision, 128–29, 250, 252
see also vision
commands, 60, 96, 157–58, 171–72, 231, 231n
learning to obey, 182–83, 189–90, 204n, 285–86
communication, 89–119
asking dogs in, 26–28
barks as, 98, 105–8, 152–54, 171
of bats, 91, 241–43
body language in, 91, 108–14, 118
commands in. see commands
of dogs, 1–2, 5–6, 89–91, 108–18. see also sounds made; urine
dog tells, 292–93
of elephants, 91
eye contact in, 45–47
of fireflies, 91–92
of frogs, 92
human vocalizations, 90–91
intentional, 115–18
keyboard use in, 145n
of monkeys, 91, 94
naming, 96–97, 98, 295–97
pitch of sounds made, 93–96, 98–108
pointing in, 49, 143, 150–52, 287
posture in, 80–81, 89–90, 108, 109–10, 111, 153 prosody in, 93–94, 95, 251
shaking in, 113–14
showing, 154
of socialized wolves, 63–64
urine as, 22, 82–84, 114–18
see also language
comparative psychology, 206–7
concealing behavior, 234–35
confirmation bias, 169n
conversational maxims, 97–98
coprophagia (feces eating), 73
cortisol, 172–73, 279–80 see also hormones
countermarking, 117
counting ability, 163–66, 210
coursing dogs, 48
courting behavior, 83–84, 277–78
cows, slaughterhouse behavior of, 136, 251n
coyotes, 34
cries, 101
critical/sensitive period, 42–43, 222n, 262
cropping ears, 92
cross-species bond, 259–82
crouching, 110–11
cuteness, 264
dachshund, 40, 48, 53n
darting eyes, 148
Darwin, Charles, 29, 102n, 109
daydreaming, 88
deaf persons, dog companions for, 162, 240 death, 235–37
deception, 80, 169, 192–93, 201, 234–35
demonstration, 186–90
depression
in dogs, 14, 16, 26, 27, 112
in rats, 27–28
Derrida, Jacques, 281–82
dholes, 34
diabetes, detection of, 81
see also olfaction
dingoes, 34
disease
bonding in prevention of, 279–80
olfaction in detection of, 81–82
DNA. see genes
Doberman, 51, 53n, 229–30
docked tails, 114
"dog fancy" shows, 49n
dog groomers, 85–86, 292
dog heroes. see emergencies
dog whistle, 93
dog years, 222n
dolphins
brain size of, 9n
self-awareness of, 219
smile of, 16
domestication, 33–65
archeological evidence of, 39–40
artificial selection in, 6, 35–37
definition of, 33–34
DNA evidence of, 39–40
dog-human bond and, 260
food preferences and, 33, 34
process of, 35–37, 38–47, 60–61, 64–65
of silver foxes, 35–37
theory of, 38–47
wolves and, 38–47, 55–61
dominance
body language showing, 110–11, 112, 114
in electric shock research, 19n
eye contact in, 147
hormones and, 172
licking and, 30–31
in marking behavior, 117
sounds made and, 102
in training dogs, 57–61
in wolves versus dogs, 18–19, 40, 147, 148
dopamine, 261
dreaming, 88, 124, 213, 213n
ducks
chasing behavior of, 141
greeting behavior of, 272
ears, 92–98, 109–10, 113
see also audition; sounds made eating tone, 24
eavesdropping, with video camera, 291–92
echolocation, 91, 241–43
Egypt, dog breeds in ancient, 48–49
electric shock research, 19n
elephants
brain size of, 9n
communication of, 91
flehmen, 74
periscope sniff, 69
roses and, 22
self-awareness of, 219
Elizabethan collar, 86
emergencies
knowledge of,