Inside of a Dog_ What Dogs See, Smell, and Know - Alexandra Horowitz [137]
Piaget, Jean, 162–63, 178
pigeons
"psychic powers" of, 165–66
use of time, 213, 215
pigs, slaughterhouse behavior of, 251n
pinna, 92
pit bull, 53n
pitch of sounds made, 93–96, 98–108
play, 196–205
aggression versus, 5, 61–65, 270
attention in, 152–53, 199–205
biting games, 42
cackling laugh in, 103–4
commands during, 171–72
communication in, 1–2, 5–6, 200–205
description of, 1–2, 5–6, 205–6, 277–78
dog love of, 289
between dogs of mismatched size, 1–2, 124, 205–6, 221
of domesticated silver foxes, 37
fetch and, 277–78, 287
function of, 197–98
human-dog, 277–78, 287
objects in, 24–26, 247–50
ritualization of, 198
role in bonding process, 275–79
rolling behavior in, 24, 55, 85, 286
rough-and-tumble, 1–2, 24, 62, 196–98, 200n, 202, 205–6, 221
study of, 196–205
theory of mind and, 196–205
visual streak and ball dogs, 127–28, 287
see also attention-getter; play signals
play barks, 98–99, 108
play bow, 201, 203, 205
play signals, 199–207, 226
head bow, 201
importance of, 200–201, 289
open-mouth display, 108, 110, 201
play bow, 201, 203, 205
play slap, 103, 201
play slap, 103, 201
Pliny the Elder, 64–65
pointing
as communication, 49, 143, 150–52, 287
gaze following as, 150–52, 154
temporal patterns in, 277–78
polygraph machines, 80, 169
poodle, 42n, 240
posture
antithesis and, 110, 112
as communication, 80–81, 89–90, 108, 109–10, 111, 153 tail and, 111–14
prairie voles, 261
prey, chasing behaviors and, 169–71
primates
animal cognition research on, 4–5, 102n
big-brain hypothesis and, 8–9
problem-solving skills
imitation and, 183–90
intelligence and, 44–45, 175–81
of wolves versus dogs, 180
progressive mutilation, 229
prolactin, 279
prosody, 93–94, 95, 251
protodogs, 42
protodomesticators, 40
"psychic powers,"163–72
animal knowledge of habits versus, 166–72, 251–52
confirmation bias, 169n
in counting behavior of horse, 163–66
of pigeons, 165–66
in spelling behavior of dogs, 167
see also attention
pug, 40, 50, 112, 127, 221
Pumpernickel (Pump)
adoption of, 65
anecdotes, 4–6, 13, 29, 31, 33, 34, 52, 55, 67, 71, 75, 85, 87, 89, 92, 98, 100–101,
104, 108, 111–12, 113, 114–15, 118–19, 121, 123–24, 132, 135, 139, 166–67,
169–71, 183, 184, 190–91, 196–97, 199, 209, 211, 215, 222–23, 225, 228,
229, 235, 241, 247, 256–57, 259, 271–72, 274, 276, 283–85, 291, 294
described, 3, 47, 299–301
punishment
historical types of, 228–29
scolding in, 149, 232–33
in training process, 60–61, 286
pupil size, 124–25
pups
cuteness of, 264
lack of urine marking, 117
licking behavior of mother, 29–30, 272–73
sounds made by, 101, 102
in wolf packs, 58–59
purebred dogs, 49–50, 51, 71
raincoats, dog, 17–19
raised-leg display, 83, 116, 117–18
see also urine
raisin toxicity, 33, 34, 34n
rats
big-brain hypothesis and, 8–9
fear contagion in, 80
learned optimism and pessimism, 27–28
sounds made by, 93
use of time, 213, 215
redirected appeasement ceremony (Lorenz), 272–73
reflexes, 141
REM sleep, 213n
reptiles, vomeronasal organ in, 73
rescue dogs, 79, 166, 237–39
retina, 125, 126–32, 135–36, 249
retrieving behavior, 49, 53, 54, 112, 127–28, 154, 287
rewards, in training process, 60–61
rhinoceros, 4–5, 15n
flehmen, 74
urine marking, 84
Rico (border collie), 96–97, 98, 211n
right and wrong, knowledge of, 228–35
rolling behavior, 24, 55, 85, 86, 286
rolling tones, 24
rooting reflex, 141, 269
rope task, 44–45
roses, 22, 72
Rottweiler, 53n
rough-and-tumble play, 1–2, 24, 62, 196–98, 200n, 202, 205–6, 221 rump sniffing, 84–85, 86, 87–88
saccades, 136
Sacks, Oliver, 162
salty taste, 30
San Diego Zoo, 4–5
scavengers, 39, 40, 43, 63
schizophrenia, smell of, 81
sclera, 125
SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus), 212–13
scolding, 149, 232–33
scream, 101
scrub jay, caching behavior of, 226
Seeing Eye dogs, 43, 134–35, 152, 162, 274
seizure prediction, 82n
selection
artificial, 6, 35–37, 41. see also domestication natural, 34, 38–47
selective breeding, 40
self-awareness
experience of, 217–22
knowledge