Malcolm X_ A Life of Reinvention - Manning Marable [346]
218 “understand the Nation of Islam?” Peter Goldman interview, July 12, 2004.
219 “moment you saw him, [you felt] this incredible presence.” Ibid.
219 Louis Xʹs “A White Man’s Heaven Is a Black Man’s Hell.” Goldman, The Death and Life of Malcolm X, p. 6.
219 “device for disarming the blacks and, worse still, unmanning them.” Ibid.
219 still believing “the threat was useful.” Peter Goldman interview, July 12, 2004.
220 years of covert surveillance, but all of it unattributed. Marable, Living Black History, p. 150.
221 “So it began eating away at [my] brother.” Louis Farrakhan interview, December 27, 2007.
221 University of Bridgeport because of “throat trouble.” MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, November 16, 1962, p. 24.
221 also found employment as a building supervisor. FBI—Goodman, Summary Report, New York Office, September 8, 1960.
221 a “specialist in Islamic literature and history.” Ibid., October 27, 1961.
221 to establish an NOI mosque in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Ibid., October 17, 1962.
222 that year was named the mosque’s “main speaker.” Ibid.
222 “Not in the buddy sense. He was always in command.ʺ Goldman, The Death and Life of Malcolm X, p. 19.
222 “If you leave again, I’m not coming after you.” Rickford, Betty Shabazz, pp. 105-6.
222 “that I would defend him. . . . It was a good place for Betty to be.” Louis Farrakhan interview, December 27, 2007.
223 “get to the grade school level in Mississippi.” Goldman, The Death and Life of Malcolm X, pp. 8, 96.
223 he would punch him “right in the mouth.” FBI—Gravitt, Summary Report, New York Office, January 11, 1963.
224 among those who “suffer” from a “colonial mentality.” Malcolm X to the Editor, “What Courier Readers Think: Muslim vs. Moslem!,” Pittsburgh Courier, October 6, 1962; and Travel Diaries (Transcription): Middle East and West Africa, April-May 1964, MXC-S, box 5, folder 18.
224 “that they are being led straight to Hell.” Yahya Hayari to the Editor, “What Courier Readers Think: A Blast at Muhammad,” Pittsburgh Courier, October 27, 1962.
224 “from the evils of this Christian world overnight.” Malcolm X to the Editor, “Amsterdam News Readers Write,” Amsterdam News, November 24, 1962; and Edward Curtis, IV, “Islamism and Its African American Muslim Critics: Black Muslims in the Era of the Arab Cold War,” American Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 3 (September 2007), pp. 88-89.
224 literature and asked Osman for more. DeCaro, On the Side of My People, pp. 201-2; and Curtis, “Islamism and Its African American Critics,” p. 90.
224 “Christians call him Christ, Jews call him Jehovah.” Ibid., p. 159.
225 Malcolm, upset, left in a waiting automobile. Ibid., pp. 159-60.
225 all the way from Louisville to hear Elijah Muhammad speak. There is a massive literature about Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay). For a general introduction to the subject, see: David Remnick, King of the World: Muhammad Ali and the Rise of an American Hero (New York: Random House, 1998); John Miller and Aaron Kenedi, eds., Muhammad Ali: Ringside (Boston: Bullfinch, 1999); Anthony O. Edmonds, Muhammad Ali: A Biography (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006); and Mike Marqusee, Redemption Song: Muhammad Ali and the Spirit of the Sixties (New York: Verso, 1999).
226 “I said to myself, listen, this man’s saying something!ʺ Interview with Muhammad Ali by Alex Haley, in Miller and Kenedi, eds., Muhammad Ali: Ringside, pp. 39, 42.
226 “the first time I ever felt spiritual in my life.” Edmonds, Muhammad Ali, p. 37.
226 “down-to-earth youngster,” as he later related. Remnick, King of the World, p. 165.
227 “It certainly rubbed off on Ali.” Ibid.
227 fund-raising drive and teaching classes for two weeks. MX FBI, Summary Report, New York Office, May 17, 1962, p. 11.
227 priest of black cultural nationalism, known as Maulana Karenga. “Racial Militancy and Pride Urged at West Coast Rally,” Chicago Defender, November 28, 1962.
227 “punctuated the statements made by Malcolm X.” Wallace Turner,