Pakistan_ A Hard Country - Anatol Lieven [282]
5 Interview with the author, Karachi, 17/4/2009.
6 Sir Cecil Walsh, KC, Crime in India (Ernest Benn, London, 1930), p. 31.
7 Ibid., p. 45.
8 Muhammad Azam Chaudhary, Justice in Practice (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999), pp. 25 – 6.
9 Interview with the author, Karachi, 17/4/2009.
10 Cited in C. van Vollenhoven, ‘Aspects of the Controversy on Customary Law’, in Renteln and Dundes (eds), Folk Law, vol. I, p. 254.
11 Interview with the author, Peshawar, 25/7/2009. See also Aurangzaib Khan, ‘Judge Thy Neighbour’, The Herald (Karachi), 40 (4), April 2009.
12 M. P. Jain, ‘Custom as a Source of Law in India’, in Renteln and Dundes (eds), Folk Law, vol. I, p. 75.
13 W. H. Sleeman, Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official, ed. Vincent A. Smith (1844; reprinted Oxford University Press, Karachi, 1980), p. 388.
14 Interview with the author, Karachi 2/5/2009.
15 Interview with the author, Multan, 18/1/2009.
16 James Traub, ‘Lawyers’ Crusade’, New York Times magazine, 1 June 2008.
17 District Gazetteers of Balochistan, 1906, edited and compiled by Mansoor Bokhari (reprinted Gosha-e-Adab, Quetta, 1997), vol. I, p. 94.
18 Jain, ‘Custom as a Source of Law’, p. 70.
19 Stephen M. Lyon, An Anthropological Analysis of Local Politics and Patronage in a Pakistani Village (Edwin Mellen, Lewiston, NY, 2004), p. 24.
4 RELIGION
1 Muhammad Iqbal, Mazhab, cited in Ayesha Jalal, Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam since 1850 (Routledge, London, 2000), p. 578.
2 Koran, Sura 2 (The Cow), verse 172.
3 Major Aubrey O’Brien, ‘The Mohammedan Saints of the Western Punjab’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 41 (1911), p. 511.
4 Francis Robinson, Islam and Muslim History in South Asia (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2006), p. 52.
5 Ian Talbot and Shinder Thandi, People on the Move: Punjabi Colonial and Post-Colonial Migration (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004), p. 183.
6 Saifur Rehman Sherani, ‘Ulema and Pir in Pakistani Politics’, in Hastings Donnan and Pnina Werbner (eds), Economy and Culture in Pakistan: Migrants and Cities in a Muslim Society (Macmillan, London, 1991), p. 221.
7 Interview with the author, Karachi, 7/11/1988.
8 Pnina Werbner, ‘Stamping the Earth with the Name of Allah: Zikr and the Sacralising of Space among British Muslims’, Cultural Anthropology, 11 (1996), pp. 309 – 38.
9 Interview with the author, Lahore, 1/8/2009.
10 Carl W. Ernst, The Shambhala Guide to Sufism (Shambhala, London, 1997), p. 213.
11 Interview with the author, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), 4/1/2009.
12 O’Brien, ‘The Mohammedan Saints’, p. 509.
13 Katherine Pratt Ewing, ‘Malangs of the Punjab: Intoxication or Adab as the Path to God?’ in Barbara Daly Metcalf (ed.), Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam (California University Press, Berkeley, 1984), p. 363.
14 Hasan al-Banna, cited in Hamid Enayat, Modern Islamic Political Thought, with an introduction by Roy P. Mottahedeh (I. B. Tauris, London, 2005), p. 85.
15 http://www.jamaat.org.
16 Interview with the author, Abbotabad, NWFP, 12/8/2008.
17 Interview with the author, Faisalabad, 12/1/2009.
18 http://www.jamaat.org/new/english.
19 Interview with the author, Mansura, Lahore, 4/1/2009
20 Ibid.
21 Interview with the author, Islamabad, 30/4/2007.
22 Interview with the author, Peshawar, 2/5/2007.
5 THE MILITARY
1 Interview with the author, Karachi, 1/5/2009.
2 Interview with the author, Quetta, 1/8/2009.
3 Hasan-Askari Rizvi, Military, State and Society in Pakistan (Sang-e-Meel, Lahore, 2003), p. 8.
4 Shuja Nawaz, Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army and the Wars Within (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008), pp. 446 – 58.
5 As recorded by US diplomats and revealed by WikiLeaks. See the Guardian (London), 1 December 2010.
6 Figures from The Military Balance 2009, published by the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, and Owen Bennett-Jones, Pakistan,