Pakistan_ A Hard Country - Anatol Lieven [284]
11 Interview with the author, Jhang, 5/10/2002.
12 Interview with the author, Rawalpindi, 17/7/2009.
13 This may be apocryphal. I have heard it repeated many times, but have never been able to track down the original.
14 Interview with the author, Mirpur Bhutto, 24/4/2009. On the other hand, he had used almost exactly the same words to me twenty years earlier, and not a great deal appears to have changed in the meantime as far as wadero power in Sindh is concerned.
15 Gazetteer of the Attock District (Government Printing, Lahore, 1930; reprinted Sang-e-Meel, Lahore, 2003), p. 95.
16 Akhund, Trial and Error, p. 53.
17 Interview with the author, Shikarpur, 15/11/1990.
18 As I wrote in my notebook while accompanying Abida Husain, an elderly ‘feudal’ from a Shia pir family in Jhang, in baking heat, during the 2002 elections: ‘These feudal politicians are not spoiled aristocrats. Some can show iron discipline when politics requires. I’m lounging in my seat half asleep, with flies settling on my nose, kept awake only by the state of my bladder. This is the eighth meeting we’ve been to and there she is, bolt upright on the platform for the past hour, looking cool as a cucumber, completely attentive to what the audience is saying.’
19 Mosharraf Zaidi, ‘When the News Becomes News’, The News, Karachi, 5 January 2010.
20 Interview with the author, Karachi 17/4/2009.
21 Interview with the author, Karachi, 3/10/1990.
22 Interview with the author, Islamabad 4/12/1988.
23 Maqsood Jafri, The Ideals of Bhutto (privately published, 2002), pp. 55, 59.
24 Special supplement ‘honouring anniversary of birth of Shaheed Z. A. Bhutto’, Pakistan Times, 5 January 1990.
25 Interview with the author, Karachi, 2/10/1990.
26 For accounts of these cases, see Human Rights Watch, World Report 2009, Pakistan section, pp. 290 – 91; Asian Human Rights Commission statement of 4 March 2009: ‘Order an honour killing – become a minister’; Rubina Saigol, ‘Women and Democracy’, Dawn News, 3 December 2008; ‘Sindh High Court Adjourns Saira Jatoi’s Case’, Daily Times, 30 October 2008; Hasan Mansoor, ‘Pakistani couple married for love, hiding in fear of tribal justice’, Hindustan Times, 11 June 2009.
27 Interview with the author, Karachi, 3/5/2009.
28 Interview with the author, Lahore, 30/12/2008.
29 Interview with the author, Lahore, 2/8/2009.
30 ‘Pak government should hold talks with Taliban’, Dawn.com, 3 July 2010.
31 ‘C. M. Shahbaz Wants Taliban to Spare Punjab’, Dawn.com, 15 March 2010.
32 Interview with the author, Karachi, 17/4/2009.
33 Interview with the author, Karachi, 3/5/2009.
34 Iftikhar H. Malik, ‘Ethno-Nationalism in Pakistan: A Commentary on the Muhajir Qaumi Mahaz (MQM) in Sindh’, South Asia Bulletin, 18 (2) (1995), p. 44.
35 Interview with the author, Karachi, 3/5/2009.
36 Oskar Verkaaik, Migrants and Militants: ‘Fun’ and Urban Violence in Pakistan (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2004), p. 62.
7 PUNJAB
1 Bapsi Sidhwa, The Bride (Futura, London, 1984), p. 19.
2 According to this award the allocation of revenue was divided up according to the following criteria: population, 82.00%; poverty, 10.30%; revenue, 5.00%; IPD (Inverse Population Density) 2.70%. See www.einfopedia.com/nfc-award-national-finance-commission-award-of-pakistan.php.
3 Quoted in Ayesha Jalal, Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia (Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 2008), p. 41.
4 See, for example, Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870 – 1914 (Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1976).
5 The names are imaginary.
6 Moni Mohsin, Diary of a Social Butterfly (Random House, Karachi, 2009).
7 Figures in Ian Talbot, ‘The Punjabization of Pakistan: Myth or Reality?’, in Christophe Jaffrelot (ed.), Pakistan: Nation, Nationalism and the State (Vanguard, Lahore, 2005), p. 56.
8 Figures in