Pox_ An American History - Michael Willrich [204]
23 U.S. Treasury Department, Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, Handbook for the Ship’s Medicine Chest, by George W. Stoner, M.D., 2d ed., 21. See also Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 117.
24 Macaulay quoted in Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 38. Glynn and Glynn, Life and Death of Small-pox , 1, 4. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 169–208.
25 Jennifer Lee Carrell, The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling Smallpox (New York: Dutton, 2003). Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 224, 229. Henderson, Smallpox, 40–43. Mary Beth Norton et al., A People and a Nation: A History of the United States, 6th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 26. See Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1972). For a compelling reconsideration of the “virgin soil” theory, see David S. Jones, “Virgin Soils Revisited,” William and Mary Quarterly, 60 (2003): 703–42.
26 Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 224.
27 “Précis upon the Diagnosis and Treatment of Smallpox,” PHR, 14 (Jan. 6, 1899), 37–49. Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 13. Preston, “Demon in the Freezer,” 48.
28 Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 71.
29 “Smallpox in the United States as Reported to the Supervising Surgeon-General United States Marine-Hospital Service, January 1 to December 30, 1898,” PHR (Dec. 30, 1898), 1559–62.
30 “Précis.” The following description of the clinical course of smallpox relies heavily on the exhaustive research compiled by a team of World Health Organization scientists in Fenner et al., Small-pox and Its Eradication, esp. chs. 1 and 3. Running more than 1,400 pages, the tome is often referred to as “The Big Red Book of Smallpox.” It is by far the single most comprehensive source on the science of smallpox and vaccination. For a more concise medical discussion of the pathology of smallpox, see Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 3–9. Like Frank Fenner and his coauthors, Dr. Hopkins, a physician and epidemiologist, worked in the WHO smallpox eradication program.
31 “Précis,” 38.
32 “Smallpox Rumor,” CO, Feb. 26, 1898, 6. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 266, 45. Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 3.
33 “Précis,” 38. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 5, 44, 167. See also Michael R. Albert et al., “Smallpox Manifestations and Survival during the Boston Epidemic of 1901 to 1903,” AIM, 137 (Dec. 17, 2002): 993–1000, esp. 993.
34 “Précis,” 38. See also Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 6; Michael Kelly, “Small-Pox: Its Medical Treatment,” MC, Jan. 1, 1902, 171.
35 Long, “Smallpox in Iredell County,” 214. Hopkins, Princes and Peasants, 277–81, esp. 277.
36 J. C. Wilson, Fever-Nursing, 2d ed. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1895), 165. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 19, 189.
37 On the names of smallpox, see Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 229; Preston, “Demon in the Freezer,” 44.
38 “Précis,” 38–39. Preston, “Demon in the Freezer,” 47. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 19, 21, 56, 130. See also Stoner, Handbook for the Ship’s Medicine Chest, 21.
39 “Précis,” 37, 38.
40 Long, “Smallpox in Iredell County,” 216.
41 Stoner, Handbook for the Ship’s Medicine Chest, 21, 22. “Précis,” 39. Long, “Smallpox in Iredell County,” 215–16. Fenner et al., Smallpox and Its Eradication, 19, 22.
42 Long, “Smallpox in Iredell County,” 217. “Report of Dr. Llewellyn Eliot, M.D.,” July 1, 1895, in Annual Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia For the Year Ended June 30, 1895, Serial Set Vol. No. 3391, Session Vol. No. 24, 54th U.S. Congress, H.R. Doc. 7, p. 1296. Fenner