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Goldstone tracking station, 267

Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 73–74

Goodpaster, Andrew J., 119, 177, 243, 249–50

Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 175

Gore, Albert, Sr., 137, 248

Göring, Hermann, 235

Gray, Gordon, 119

Great Britain, 4, 36, 38, 75–76, 83, 129, 240, 256, 270

Great Terror of 1937–38, 109, 112

Greenstein, Fred, 59

Grinfeld, Lidia Mavrikievna, 104

Gromyko, Andrei, 149, 193

Grottrup, Frau, 14–15

Grottrup, Helmut, 14–15

Group for Studying Reaction Propulsion (GIRD), 107

Guatemala, 118

Hagen, John, 227–28, 242, 251, 258

Hagerty, Jim, 171, 178–79, 186, 241, 265

Halberstam, David, 140

Halsey, Will, 164

Hamill, Jim, 88

Harford, James, 33

Harper’s, 252

Harris, Gordon, 165, 167, 266

Hermann, Rudolf, 87

Himmler, Heinrich, 29, 166, 237

Hitler, Adolf, 6, 9, 22, 29, 67, 87, 166, 190, 235–38

Holocaust, 84

housing, USSR, 19–20, 37, 39, 95

Humphrey, George, 223

Humphrey, Hubert, 183

Hungary, 41–42, 63

revolution of 1956, 74–78, 131

Huzel, Dieter, 14

hydrogen bomb, 148, 184

information age, 278

intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). See also specific types

Eisenhower and U.S. lag in, 52–54, 93–94, 177, 181, 214–15

failure of R-7, vs. Atlas, 269–70

Jupiter C developed, 129–30

Khrushchev and Soviet drive to develop, 24–26, 35, 38–40, 56, 191–92, 196, 204–5, 214–15

legacy of race for, 278

R-7 developed, 43–44, 64–72, 97, 113–14, 129–30, 148, 153, 184, 205–6

R-16 developed, 205–6

satellite-bearing, 166, 172–73, 179, 213–15, 217

storable propellants and, 154–55

intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), 35, 51–52, 79–80, 82, 102, 129–30, 162, 241, 248–50, 256, 269–71. See also Jupiter IRBM; Thor IRBM

International Astronomical Federation, 202

International Geophysical Year (IGY), 92–93, 133–36, 143, 149, 151–52, 162, 179, 185, 202, 227–28, 244, 250–51, 255–56, 261

international law, 126, 134, 179

Internet, 274

Invaders from Mars (movie), 92

Iran, 41, 129

Iran, shah of, 118, 200

Iraq invasion of 2003, 278

Irvine, Clarence S., 81

Israel, 73, 76

Italy, 256, 270

ITAR-TASS news agency, 201

Itek Corp., 249

Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 174–75, 242

Japan, 129, 189, 200

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 89, 255–56, 267

Jews, 8, 32, 39

Johnson, Clarence “Kelly,” 119, 133

Johnson, Lady Bird, 176

Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 137–38, 175–76, 182–84, 213–15, 221, 228–31, 242, 247, 250–53, 256, 269, 276

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 24, 215, 241

Jones, E. K., 116, 120–24, 130–31

Junker bombers, 36

Jupiter C ICBM (Missile Number 29), 129, 134, 144, 163, 165–68, 178–79, 218, 224, 248

satellite launch and, as Juno, 254–56, 258, 261–67, 276

Jupiter IRBM, 52, 79–80, 82, 102, 162, 256, 269–71

Kaganovich, Lazar, 18, 27, 30–32, 41–42, 62–63, 72, 76, 109, 111–12, 149, 190

Kammler, Hans, 2

Katyushka rockets, 7

Kazakhstan, 38, 96–97

Keitel, Wilhelm, 235

Keldysh, Mstislav, 145–46, 198

Keller, K. T., 51

Kennedy, John F., 53–54, 270–71, 275

Kennedy, Joseph P., 277

KGB (formerly NKVD), 18, 27, 29, 32, 62, 64, 67, 75, 109, 111–12, 123, 145, 152, 199, 200

Khrushchev, Nikita

apartments built by, 19–20

arms race and Soviet economy and, 36–39

background and education of, 20–23

coup attempt and, 109–13, 190

Cuba and, 101, 270–72

de-Stalinization and, 41–42

Explorer launch and, 268

fall of, 271–72

fear of nuclear attack and, 23–26

Korolev honored by, 203–4

legacy of, 274–75

military spending and, 54, 191–92

Nixon and “kitchen debate,” 275

OKB-1 and, 278

R-7 development and, 21–23, 26–30, 34–44, 54, 56, 64–65, 71–72, 98, 101, 128–29, 191–92, 204–6, 269

R-16 development and, 246–47, 271

rise to power of, 18–20, 28, 41–42

satellite program and, 42–44, 114, 143–44, 148–50

secret speech of, on Stalin’s crimes, 18, 30–33, 41–42, 60, 62–64, 73, 75, 93–94, 128

Sputnik I and, 160, 180, 184, 187–89, 195–96, 199–206

Sputnik II and, 209–12, 216–17, 245

summit of 1955 and, 24

U-2 and, 124–27, 129–31

uprisings of 1956 and, 62–64, 73–77

Vanguard failure and, 241, 257

“we will bury you” speech of, 109