Rome's Gothic Wars_ From the Third Century to Alaric - Michael Kulikowski [103]
Marcus Aurelius
emperor 161–180, his wars against the Marcomanni occupied many years of his reign and disrupted conditions on the middle Danube frontier.
Maria
elder daughter of Stilicho and Serena, married to Honorius in 398.
Maxentius
usurper, 306–312. Son of the augustus Maximian, Maxentius was proclaimed augustus at Rome but never recognized as a legitimate emperor. He died in battle against Constantine in 312.
Maximian
emperor 285–305. Co-emperor of Diocletian from 285, and one of the two augusti in the tetrarchy formed in 293 with the appointment of Constantius Ⅰ and Galerius as caesars, he was the father of Maxentius, who revolted after Maximian’s abdication.
Maximus
Roman dux of either Moesia or Scythia in 376 and with Lupicinus one of two officials primarily responsible for managing the Gothic crossing of the Danube.
Modares
Gothic general in imperial service under Theodosius, he won the first success against Fritigern’s followers in 379, a year after Adrianople.
Nero
emperor 54–68 and the last member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
Nicomachus Flavianus
Roman aristocrat who joined the rebellion of Arbogast in 392, lending legitimacy to the usurpation of Eugenius, he killed himself after defeat at the battle of the Frigidus.
Olympius
magister officiorum of Honorius, and opposed to any compromise with Alaric, he instigated the murder of Stilicho and replaced him as the most powerful figure at court.
Paria
grandfather of Jordanes and secretary to the barbarian chieftain Candac.
Postumus
usurper 260–269. Proclaimed emperor after successfully defeating a barbarian invasion, he ruled a separate ‘Gallic empire’ that was not suppressed until the reign of Aurelian.
Priscus Attalus
Roman senator of Greek origin who led the senatorial embassy requesting that Honorius negotiate with Alaric. Made urban prefect by Honorius, he then became a usurper with Alaric as his sponsor. He was deposed by Alaric in 410, remaining with the Goths until 415 when Wallia handed him over to Honorius, who allowed Attalus to retire to the island of Lipari.
Probus
emperor 276–282. His reign is little known, but he fought many frontier wars against various barbarians, including the Goths.
Procopius
usurper 365–366, he could claim kinship with the Constantinian dynasty and rebelled against Valens, but was suppressed in 366. The fact that some Tervingian leaders supported Procopius provided the excuse for Valens’ Gothic war of 367–369.
Profuturus
general of Valens sent to Thrace with Traianus in 377 to fight the Goths, he was killed at the battle of Ad Salices.
Promotus
general of Theodosius sent to suppress the Balkan revolt of 391, but killed there in an ambush and replaced by Stilicho.
Radagaisus
Gothic king who appeared suddenly in 405 leading an invasion across the Alps through Raetia into Italy until his defeat by Stilicho outside Florence in 406.
Rausimod
Sarmatian king defeated by Constantine at Campona in 323.
Richomeres
comes domesticorum and senior general of Gratian, sent to the Balkans with Frigeridus in 377 to fight against the Goths, and in 378 leader of Gratian’s advance guard before Adrianople. Surviving the battle, he later prevented the Gothic revolt from spreading to the West.
Rothesteus
Gothic king and father of Atharid, the Gothic noble who commanded the death of Saba in 372.
Rufinus
praetorian prefect of the East, left behind in Constantinople by Theodosius to run the East during the imperial campaign against Eugenius, but killed in 395 by the eastern troops returning under the command of Gainas.
Saba
Gothic Christian and martyr under the iudex Athanaric, killed at the orders of Rothesteus’ son Atharid on 12 April 372.
Sansalas
Gothic priest in the village of the martyr Saba.
Saphrax
Gothic dux and co-regent with Alatheus for the Greuthungian child-king Videric. Together they led some of the Greuthungi across the Danube in 376, eventually joining forces with the Tervingi of Fritigern and fighting at the battle of Adrianople in 378.