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18. Burros M. Plan for food safety panel is criticized. NYT, April 1, 1996:A14.
19. Ingersoll B. Meat inspectors omit duties as work grows. WSJ, May 23, 1996:B1,B6. Center for Public Integrity. Safety Last: The Politics of E. coli and Other Food-Borne Killers. Washington, DC, 1998.
20. GAO. Food Safety: New Initiatives Would Fundamentally Alter the Existing System (GAO-RCED-96-81), March 1996.
21. Purdum TS. Meat inspections facing overhaul, first in 90 years. NYT, July 7, 1996:A1,A11.
22. Buzby JC, Crutchfield SR. USDA modernizes meat and poultry inspection. FoodReview 1997;20(1):14–17. Crutchfield S, Buzby JC, Roberts T, et al. An Economic Assessment of Food Safety Regulations: The New Approach to Meat and Poultry Inspection (Agricultural Economic Report No. 755), USDA/ERS, July 1997.
23. Belluck P. Juice-poisoning case brings guilty plea and a huge fine. NYT, July 24, 1998:A12.
24. Questions of pasteurization raised after E. coli is traced to juice. NYT, November 4, 1996:A17.
25. Drew C, Belluck P. Deadly bacteria a new threat to fruit and produce in the U.S. NYT, January 4, 1998:1,14. Clay T, Goldberg R. Odwalla, Inc (case study). Boston: Harvard Business School, November 5, 1997:30.
26. Belluck P. Accord is reached in food-poisoning case: juice maker’s multimillion-dollar settlement may be a landmark. NYT, May 27, 1998:A16.
27. Coca-Cola will buy Odwalla, maker of fruit drinks. NYT, October 31, 2001:C4. Odwalla provides ongoing financial reports on its Web site: www.odwalla.com.
28. Food labeling: warning and notice statement; labeling of juice products: final rule. FR 63:37030–37056, July 8, 1998. The term “5-logs” means 5 logarithmic units, indicating a 100,000-fold reduction. FDA deemed a reduction of this size to indicate that there would be no significant microbiological hazard during the shelf life of the product.
29. Richards B. Odwalla’s woes are a lesson for natural-food industry: FDA seeks tighter quality controls as E. coli outbreak raises concerns. WSJ, November 4, 1996:B4.
30. FDA. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP); procedures for the safe and sanitary processing and importing of juice: final rule. FR 66:6137–6202, January 19, 2001.
31. USDA/FSIS. Generic E. coli testing for sheep, goats, equine, ducks, geese, and guineas: proposed rule. FR 62:59305–59310, November 3, 1997.
32. Morganthau T. E. coli alert. Newsweek, September 1, 1997:26–32.
33. Stout D. 5 million hamburger patties may be tainted, US warns. NYT, August 16, 1997:1,7. Janofsky M. 25 million pounds of beef is recalled. NYT, August 22, 1997:A1,A18.
34. Belluck P. The tangled trail that led to a beef recall. NYT, August 24, 1997:1,24.
35. Burger King. A letter to our customers about hamburgers, food safety and flame broiling. NYT, August 25, 1997:A11. Whelan EM. Safe meat: there is a better way (editorial). WSJ, August 26, 1997:16.
36. Ingersoll B. Meat industry spurred to revise policies. WSJ, August 27, 1997:A3.
37. Drew C. Search widens to find source of tainted beef. NYT, September 11, 1997. Belluck P. U.S. indicts producer of contaminated beef. NYT, December 17, 1998:A24. FSIS to review food recalls. Nutrition Week, April 8, 2002:1. USDA/FSIS. Recall Information at www.fsis.usda.gov/FSIS_Recalls/index.asp.
38. Becker E. 19 million pounds of meat recalled after 19 fall ill. NYT, July 20, 2002:A1,A9. Winter G. Democrats say slow meat recall threatened consumers. NYT, July 27, 2002:A9. Burros M. Federal audit faults department’s meat and poultry inspection system. NYT, July 10, 2002:A15. GAO. Meat and Poultry: Better USDA Oversight and Enforcement of Safety Rules Needed to Reduce Risk of Foodborne Illnesses (GAO-02-292), August 2002.
39. Leonard RE. Hudson Foods, Inc: a risk management disaster. Nutrition Week, August 29, 1997:4–5.
40. Grey J. U.S. seeks new power to regulate meat safety. NYT, October 9, 1997:A28.
41. Sugarman C. Building a safer burger. Washington Post, September 3, 1997:E1,E10
42.