Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [11]
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3. bella
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4. animaÅlibus _____________
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5. urbium
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6. amoÅreÅs
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7. ventus
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8. manuÅs
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9. gaudium
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10. reÅrum
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11. naÅvis
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12. voluptaÅtõÅ
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13. viroÅrum
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CHAPTER 2 The Adjective
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14. montõÅs
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15. tempus
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Adjectives with the Genitive
Singular in -õÅus
There is a group of nine adjectives belonging essentially to the ®rst-second declension with the slight irregularity of taking -õÅus in the genitive singular and -õÅ
in the dative singular. They are:
alius, alia, aliud
another
alter, altera, alterum
the other (of two)
uter, utra, utrum
which (of two)
neuter, neutra, neutrum
neither
ullus, ulla, ullum
any
nullus, nulla, nullum
no, none
soÅlus, soÅla, soÅlum
only
toÅtus, toÅta, totum
whole
uÅnus, uÅna, uÅnum
one
They decline as follows:
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Singular
Nom.=voc.
uÅnus
uÅna
uÅnum
Gen.
uÅnõÅus
uÅnõÅus
uÅnõÅus
Dat.
uÅnõÅ
uÅnõÅ
uÅnõÅ
Acc.
uÅnum
uÅnam
uÅnum
Abl.
uÅnoÅ
uÅnlaÅ
uÅnoÅ
In the plural these adjectives decline as regular ®rst-second-declension adjectives.
Note: Only alius, alia, aliud ends in -ud in the neuter nominative and accusative singular. The genitive singular for this adjective, which would have been the ungainly aliõÅus, is supplied by alterõÅus. All the others decline as uÅnus above.
Exercise
6. Choose the correct form of the adjective toÅtus, ±a, ±um to agree with the following nouns. (If there is more than one possibility, give all.) 1. virõÅ
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2. urbe
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3. moÅns
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CHAPTER 2 The Adjective
4. mentis
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5. meÅnsae
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6. reõÅ
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7. belloÅ
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Comparison of Adjectives
Adjectives are said to have three degrees:
The positive, e.g.,
fat
The comparative, e.g.,
fatter
The superlative, e.g.,
fattest
So far we have looked only at formations of the positive degree. To form the comparative and superlative degrees for any adjective, the same stem is used as is used for the positive.
THE COMPARATIVE DEGREE
The comparative degree is formed as a two-termination adjective of the third declension. For example, the comparative of duÅrus, -a, -um (hard) is duÅrior, duÅrius
harder
It declines as follows:
Masculine=feminine
Neuter
Singular
Nom.=voc.
duÅrior
duÅrius
Gen.
duÅrioÅris
duÅrioÅris
Dat.
duÅrioÅrõÅ
duÅrioÅrõÅ
Acc.
duÅrioÅrem
duÅrius
Abl.
duÅrioÅrõÅ, -e
duÅrioÅrõÅ, -eÅ
Plural
Nom.=voc.
duÅrioÅreÅs
duÅrioÅra
Gen.
duÅrioÅrum
duÅrioÅrum
Dat.
duÅrioÅribus
duÅrioÅribus
Acc.
duÅrioÅreÅs
duÅrioÅra
Abl.
duÅrioÅribus
duÅrioÅribus
Note: The comparative degree declines more like a third-declension noun than adjective; all i-stem features are lacking.
The ablative singular ending may be -õÅ or -e.
CHAPTER 2 The Adjective
25
Exercise
7. Decline the phrase poeÅta grandior.
Singular
Plural
Nominative=vocative
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Genitive
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Dative
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Accusative
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Ablative
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THE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
The superlative degree is formed by adding the ending -issimus, -a, -um to the stem.
It declines as a regular ®rst-second-declension adjective: duÅrissimus, duÅrissima, duÅrissimum
hardest
Adjectives ending in -er in the masculine nominative singular form the superlative by adding -rimus directly to this form:
pulcherrimus, -a, -um
most beautiful
miserrimus, -a, -um
most wretched
celerrimus, -a, -um
swiftest
There are six adjectives ending in -lis that form the superlative by adding -limus,
-a, -um to the stem:
gracillimus, -a, -um
most slender
These are:
facilis, facile
easy
dif®cilis,