Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [12]
dif®cult
similis, simile
similar
dissimilis, dissimile
dissimilar
humilis, humile
humble
gracilis, gracile
slender
Their comparatives are regular.
Exercises
8. Decline the following phrases.
1. reÅs facillima
Singular
Plural
Nominative=vocative
_____________
_____________
Genitive
_____________
_____________
Dative
_____________
_____________
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CHAPTER 2 The Adjective
Accusative
_____________
_____________
Ablative
_____________
_____________
2. reÅgõÅna miserrima
Singular
Plural
Nominative=vocative
_____________
_____________
Genitive
_____________
_____________
Dative
_____________
_____________
Accusative
_____________
_____________
Ablative
_____________
_____________
Some adjectives do not form their comparative and superlative degrees in the regular manner.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
bonus, -a, -um
melior, melius
optimus, -a, -um
malus, -a, -um
peior, peius
pessimus, -a, -um
magnus, -a, -um
maior, maius
maximus, -a, -um
parvus, -a, -um
minor, minus
minimus, -a, -um
multus, -a, -um
pluÅs, pluÅris1
pluÅrimus, -a, -um
9. Translate the following phrases:
1. spõÅritus acer
_______________________________
2. voÅceÅs humillimae
_______________________________
3. reÅx duÅrissimus
_______________________________
4. luxuria maxima
_______________________________
5. ®deÅs minima
_______________________________
6. meÅns melior
_______________________________
7. ventus optimus
_______________________________
8. fõÅlius maior
_______________________________
9. gaudium deÅmentius
_______________________________
10. libertaÅs nobilissima
_______________________________
11. naÅvium pulcherrimaÅrum _______________________________
12. animaÅlis pessimõÅ
_______________________________
1 PluÅs does not decline normally. It is used as a noun.
CHAPTER 3
Pronouns and
Adjectives
A pronoun stands in the place of a noun that is itself understood or named in the context of the pronoun's usage.
For example, normally in such sentences as `Ìt's good'' or ``That's great,' we know what ``that'' and `ìt'' refer to. `Ì,' ` you,' and so on, when used correctly, are similarly clear in their reference.
Personal Pronouns
I
you
we
you (pl.)
Nom.
ego
tuÅ
noÅs
voÅs
Gen.
meõÅ
tuõÅ
nostrum=nostrõÅ1
vestrum=vestrõÅ1
Dat.
mihi
tibi
noÅbõÅs
voÅbõÅs
Acc.
meÅ
teÅ
noÅs
voÅs
Abl.
meÅ
teÅ
noÅbõÅs
voÅbõÅs
There is no separate third-person personal pronoun in Latin. It is supplied by the demonstrative is, ea, id.
Personal pronouns in Latin function just as they do in English. However, they are not required as subjects to make an otherwise subjectless verb form complete in meaning. Their use is often emphatic.
1 Of these two pairs, nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives, nostrõÅ and vestrõÅ as objective genitives.
See Noun Syntax, p. 80.
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28
CHAPTER 3 Pronouns and Adjectives
Exercise
1. Supply the correct personal pronoun as the subject of the following verb forms.
1. _____________
duÅcoÅ
2. _____________
õÅbimus
3. _____________
pellitis
4. _____________
claÅmaÅs
Re¯exive Pronouns
A re¯exive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to the subject of the sentence or clause in which it occurs. In the ®rst and second persons, it is identical to the personal pronoun. However, there is a third-person re¯exive pronoun in Latin: Nom.
Ð
Gen.
suõÅ
Dat.
sibi
Acc.
seÅ
Abl.
seÅ
This pronoun may be masculine, feminine, neuter, singular, or plural. There is no nominative because in order for the pronoun to be re¯exive, it must refer to the subject. It cannot be the subject itself.
Exercise
2. Supply the correct form of the re¯exive pronoun as the direct object for the following sentences:
1. _____________ amaÅmus.
2. omneÅs homineÅs _____________ amant.
3. _____________ amaÅtis.
4. ReÅgõÅna bona _____________ amat.
Possessive Adjectives
Related to personal and re¯exive pronouns are possessive adjectives: meus, mea, meum