Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [40]
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Vocabulary
terra, -ae, f.
earth, land
caelum, -õÅ, n.
heaven
spõÅritus, -uÅs, m.
breath, air
pendeoÅ, pendeÅre
hang
certus, -a, -um
certain
discreÅtus, -a, -um
separate
spatiam, -õÅ, n.
space, interval
septem
seven
sõÅdus, sõÅderis, n.
star
incessus, -uÅs, m.
walking, movement
vocoÅ, vocaÅre
call
erroÅ, erraÅre
wander (here errantia planets)
medius, -a, -um
in the middle, central
soÅl, soÅlis, m.
sun
fertur
(here) moves
amplus, -a, -um
large
magnituÅdoÅ, -inis, f.
size, magnitude
potestaÅs, -taÅtis, f.
power
tempus, temporis, n.
time, season
rector, -oÅris, m.
helmsman, ruler
mundus, -õÅ, m.
world
principaÅlis, -e
original, principal
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CHAPTER 8 Syntax of the Simple Sentence
regimen, -inis, n.
rule
nuÅmen, -inis, n.
spirit
creÅdoÅ, creÅdere
believe
decet
it is ®tting (acc. and inf.)
opus, operis, n.
work
aestimoÅ, aestimaÅre
judge, reckon, estimate
lux, luÅcis, f.
light
ministroÅ, ministraÅre
serve, provide
auferoÅ
remove
tenebrae, -aÅrum, f. pl.
darkness, shadows
reliquus, -a, -um
remaining
occultoÅ, occultaÅre
hide, conceal
illustroÅ, illustraÅre
illuminate
vicis, vicis, f.
turning, succession
annus, -õÅ, m.
year
renascor, renascõÅ, renaÅtus sum
be reborn
temperoÅ, temperaÅre
restrain, regulate
tristitia, -ae, f.
gloom, sadness
discutioÅ, discutere
strike away, scatter
nuÅbila, -oÅrum, n. pl.
clouds
sereÅnoÅ, sereÅnaÅre
make calm, pacify
luÅmen, -inis, n.
light
faeneroÅ, faeneraÅre
lend
praeclaÅrus, -a, -um
extremely bright
eximius, -a, -um
outstanding
intueor, intueÅrõÅ
look upon, watch
Imperative Mood
As stated earlier, the imperative is the mood for giving commands. It should be translated according to the paradigms given in Chapter 2.
taceÅte
be silent (pl.)
abõÅ
go away
CHAPTER 8 Syntax of the Simple Sentence
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NEGATIVE COMMANDS
For negative commands, Latin does not simply negate the imperative, but it uses a combination of noÅlõÅ for the singular or noÅlõÅte for the plural with the present in®nitive.
NoÅlõÅ ambulaÅre!
Do not walk! (sing.)
NoÅlõÅte loquõÅ!
Do not speak! (pl.)
NoÅlõÅ videÅrõÅ!
Do not be seen! (sing.)
Latin also expresses negative commands using either the present or perfect subjunctive with the negative neÅ:
NeÅ ambuleÅs!
Do not walk! (sing.)
NeÅ ambulaÅveris
Do not walk! (sing.)
NeÅ inter®ciaÅtis!
Do not kill! (pl.)
NeÅ interfeÅceritis
Do not kill! (pl.)
Exercises
5. Translate the following.
1. NoÅlõÅte clamaÅre!
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2. NeÅ librum scrõÅbaÅs!
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3. NeÅ fõÅlium pepuleris!
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4. NoÅlõÅte pellõÅ!
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5. NeÅ urbem deÅleÅveritis, o mõÅliteÅs!
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6. NoÅlõÅte urbem deÅleÅre, o mõÅliteÅs!
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7. Urbem deÅleÅte, o mõÅliteÅs!
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8. Urbem deÅleÅ, o militeÅs!
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6. Translate the following.
1. AudõÅte, audõÅte, patreÅs conscriptõÅ, et cognoÅscite reõÅ puÅblicae vulnera.
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2. ConservaÅte igitur reõÅ puÅblicae, iuÅdiceÅs, cõÅvem bonaÅrum artium, bonaÅrum partium, bonoÅrum viroÅrum.
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CHAPTER 8 Syntax of the Simple Sentence
3. NeÅ meÅ hodieÅ, cum istõÅ ut proÅvocaÅvit responderoÅ, oblõÅtum esse puteÅtis meõÅ.
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4. Quam ob rem disceÅde atque nunc mihi timoÅrem eÅripe: si est veÅrus, neÅ
opprimar, sõÅn falsus,