Schaum's Outline of Latin Grammar - Alan Fishbone [66]
2. DõÅcit sõÅ bellum in proÅvinciaÅ geraÅtur, agricolaÅs fugituÅroÅs esse.
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3. DõÅceÅbat sõÅ bellum in proÅvinciaÅ gerereÅtur, agricolaÅs fugituÅroÅs esse.
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4. DõÅcit sõÅ bellum in proÅvinciaÅ gerereÅtur, agricolaÅs fugituÅroÅs fuisse.
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5. DõÅcit sõÅ bellum in proÅvinciaÅ gestum esset, agricolaÅs fugituÅroÅs fuisse.
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6. DõÅceÅbat sõÅ bellum in proÅvinciaÅ gestum esset, agricolaÅs fugituÅroÅs fuisse.
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20. (Advanced reading) (continued from p. 160) Translate the following passage.
CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence
165
Etenim sõÅ attendere dõÅligenter, existimaÅre veÅreÅ deÅ omnõÅ haÅc causaÅ volueritis, sõÅc constitueÅtis, iuÅdiceÅs, nec descensuÅrum quemquam ad hanc accuÅsatioÅnem fuisse cui utrum vellet liceÅret, nec, cum descensisset, quicquam habituÅrum speõÅ fuisse nisõÅ alicuius intoleraÅbilõÅ libõÅdine et nimis acerboÅ odioÅ nõÅtereÅtur.
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Vocabulary
etenim
and indeed
attendoÅ, attendere
pay attention to
dõÅligenter (adv.)
diligently
existimoÅ, existimaÅre
judge, reckon
veÅreÅ (adv.)
truly
causa, -ae, f.
case
constituoÅ, constituere
establish, decide
iuÅdex, iuÅdicis, m.
judge
descendoÅ, descendere, descendõÅ, descensus
descend, stoop to
quisquam, quicquam
anyone, anything
intoleraÅbilis, -e
unendurable, intolerable
libõÅdoÅ, -inis, f.
lust
nimis (adv.)
excessively, too much
odium, -õÅ, n.
hatred
nõÅtor, nõÅtõÅ, nõÅxus sum
rest on, rely upon ( abl.)
``Fore ut'' Clause
This is a subordinate clause introduced by fore, the future in®nitive of sum, and the subordinating conjunction ut.9 (Fore is actually an alternative and more commonly 9 This construction might also be considered a substantive clause of result acting as the subject of fore. See p. 129.
166
CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence
used form for futuÅrum esse, which may also be used in these constructions. See p. 67.) This construction is used in two different cases.
Because, practically speaking, there is no future passive in®nitive in Latin, a future passive idea cannot be expressed in indirect statement with the normal subject accusative and in®nitive construction.
Urbs a mõÅlitibus reÅgis deÅleÅbitur.
The city will be destroyed by the
soldiers of the king.
In such cases Latin uses the fore ut (less frequently, futuÅrum esse ut) with the subjunctive;
DõÅcit fore ut urbs a mõÅlitibus reÅgis deÅleaÅtur.
Literally, this means, ``He says that it will be that the city is destroyed by the soldiers of the king.'
However, it is best to combine the elements in translation to convey the future passive idea: