Superfreakonomics_ global cooling, patri - Steven D. Levitt [101]
EVEN TOP WOMEN EARN LESS: See Justin Wolfers, “Diagnosing Discrimination: Stock Returns and CEO Gender,” Journal of the European Economic Association 4, nos. 2–3 (April-May 2006); and Marianne Bertrand, Claudia Goldin, and Lawrence F. Katz, “Dynamics of the Gender Gap for Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors,” National Bureau of Economic Research working paper, January 2009.
DO MEN LOVE MONEY THE WAY WOMEN LOVE KIDS? The cash-incentive gender-gap experiment was reported in Roland G. Fryer, Steven D. Levitt, and John A. List, “Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study,” AEA Papers and Proceedings 98, no. 2 (2008).
CAN A SEX CHANGE BOOST YOUR SALARY? See Kristen Schilt and Matthew Wiswall, “Before and After: Gender Transitions, Human Capital, and Workplace Experiences,” B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 8, no. 1 (2008). Further information for this section was drawn from author interviews with Ben Barres and Deirdre McCloskey; see also Robin Wilson, “Leading Economist Stuns Field by Deciding to Become a Woman,” Chronicle of Higher Education, February 16, 1996; and Shankar Vedantam, “He, Once a She, Offers Own View on Science Spat,” The Wall Street Journal, July 13, 2006.
WHY AREN’T THERE MORE WOMEN LIKE ALLIE? As detailed in this book’s explanatory note, we met Allie thanks to a mutual acquaintance. Allie is not her real name, but all other facts about her are true. Over the past few years, we have both spent a considerable amount of time with her (all fully clothed), as this section was based on extensive interviews, a review of her ledgers, and the occasional guest lectures she delivered at the University of Chicago for Levitt’s class “The Economics of Crime.” Several students said this was the single-best lecture they had in all their years at the university, which is both a firm testament to Allie’s insights and a brutal indictment of Levitt and the other professors. See also Stephen J. Dubner, “A Call Girl’s View of the Spitzer Affair,” Freakonomics blog, The New York Times, March 12, 2008.
REALTORS FLOCK TO A REAL-ESTATE BOOM: See Stephen J. Dubner and Steven D. Levitt, “Endangered Species,” The New York Times Magazine, March 5, 2006.
CHAPTER 2: WHY SHOULD SUICIDE BOMBERS BUY LIFE INSURANCE?
RAMADAN AND OTHER BIRTH EFFECTS: The section on prenatal daytime fasting was drawn from Douglas Almond and Bhashkar Mazumder, “The Effects of Maternal Fasting During Ramadan on Birth and Adult Outcomes,” National Bureau of Economic Research working paper, October 2008. / 58 The natal roulette affects horses too: see Bill Mooney, “Horse Racing; A Study on the Loss of Foals,” The New York Times, May 2, 2002; and Frank Fitzpatrick, “Fate Stepped in for Smarty,” The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 26, 2004. / 59 The “Spanish Flu” effect: see Douglas Almond, “Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long-Term Effects of In Utero Influenza Exposure in the Post-1940 U.S. Population,” Journal of Political Economy 114, no. 4 (2006); and Douglas Almond and Bhashkar Mazumder, “The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Subsequent Health Outcomes: An Analysis of SIPP Data,” Recent Developments in Health Economics 95, no. 2 (May 2005). / 59 Albert Aab versus Albert Zyzmor: see Liran Einav and Leeat Yariv, “What’s in a Surname? The Effects of Surname Initials on Academic Success,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (2006); and C. Mirjam van Praag and Bernard M.S. van Praag, “The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z),” Institute for the Study of Labor discussion paper, March 2007.
THE BIRTHDATE BULGE AND THE RELATIVE-AGE EFFECT: See Stephen J. Dubner and Steven D. Levitt, “A Star Is Made,” The New York Times Magazine, May 7, 2006; K. Anders Ericsson, Neil Charness, Paul J. Feltovich, and Robert R. Hoffman, The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (Cambridge University Press, 2006); K. Anders