The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [214]
84 “beats and pounds them with sticks of fire-wood”: Otis Gibson, p. 156.
84 acid thrown in her face: Benson Tong, p. 142.
84 swallowing raw opium: Judy Yung, p. 33.
85 average brothel employed nine women: Huping Ling, p. 59.
85 annual profit of $2,500: Lucie Cheng Hirata, “Free, Indentured, Enslaved: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth-Century America,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Autumn 1979. As cited in Judy Yung, p. 30.
85 paid $40 in insurance: Otis Gibson, p. 137.
85 “Yut Kum consents to prostitute her body”: Benson Tong, p. 201. Original citation: Congressional Record, 43rd Cong., 2d sess., March 1875, 3, pt. 3:41.
86 frightening them to tears: Otis Gibson, p. 208.
86 writs of habeas corpus: Victor G. and Brett de Bary Nee, p. 88.
86 “search the whole house”: Ibid., p. 88.
86 sticks of dynamite: Benson Tong, p. 185.
86 ascending to the rooftops: Lynn Pan, p. 104. For additional sources on Donaldina Cameron, see Mildred Crowl Martin, Chinatown’s Angry Angel: The Story of Donaldina Cameron (Palo Alto: Pacific Books, 1977); Peggy Pascoe, Relations of Rescue: The Search for Female Moral Authority in the American West, 1874-1939 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990); Carol Green Wilson, Chinatown Quest: One Hundred Years of Donaldina Cameron House 1874-1974 (San Francisco: California Historical Society, 1974); Sarah Refo Mason, “Social Christianity, American Feminism, and Chinese Prostitutes: The History of the Presbyterian Mission Home, San Francisco, 1874-1935,” in Maria Jaschok and Suzanne Miers, eds., Women and Chinese Patriarchy: Submission, Servitude and Escape (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1944); Laurence Wu McClain, “Donaldina Cameron: A Reappraisal,” Pacific Historian, Fall 1985.
86 sophisticated system of alarm bells: “Statement of Chun Ho, Rescued Chinese Slave Girl, at the Presbyterian Rescue Home, Miss Cameron, Matron, in the Matter of Investigation into Chinese Highbinder Societies,” p. 9. File 55374/876, Box 360, Entry 9, Record Group 85, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
86 fifteen hundred Chinese women were rescued: Judy Yung, p. 35.
86 “to better her condition”: Huping Ling, p. 24.
87 “gaze upon the countenance of the charming Ah Toy”: Curt Gentry, Madams of San Francisco: An Irreverent History of the City by the Golden Gate (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1964), p. 52.
87 three months short of her hundredth birthday: Judy Yung, Unbound Feet, p. 34.
87 Description of Suey Him’s life: Ibid.
87 those keeping house grew from 753 in 1870 to 1,145 in 1880: Huping Ling, p. 61.
88 Story of Polly Bemis: Huping Ling, p. 79; Benson Tong, p. 22; Vardis Fisher and Opal Laurel Holmes, Gold Rushes and Mining Camps of the Early American West (Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1990), pp. 273-74.
88 Descriptions of abductions of wives by highbinders: Benson Tong, p. 172.
88 “She would either have to marry one of them men or go back to China”: Major Document #154, Box 26, Survey of Race Relations, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University.
89 physicians in San Francisco lobbied to exclude Chinese prostitutes: The Chinese Hospital of San Francisco (Oakland: Carruth and Carruth, 1899), p. 1; San Francisco Chronicle, July 1, 1871; California Department of Public Health, First Biennial Report of the State Board of Health of California for the Years 1870 and 1871 (San Francisco: D. W. Gelwicks, 1871), p. 46. All three cited in Benson Tong, Unsubmissive Women, p. 105.
89 “death-houses”: Benson Tong, p. 106.
89 “stretched on the floor of this damp, foul-smelling den”: Ibid., p. 107.
90 “My father traveled all over the world”: Origins & Destinations: 41 Essays on Chinese America, p. 83.
90 “When I came to America as a bride”: Rose Hum Lee, The Growth and Decline of Chinese Communities in the Rocky Mountain Region (New York: Arno Press, 1978), p. 252.
91 “Now and then the women visit one another”: Sui Seen [Sin] Far, “The Chinese Woman in America,” Land of Sunshine, January 1897, p. 62.
92 a few hundred Chinese