The Cleanest Race - B. R. Myers [63]
3. “Haksŭp chegang: isaekchǒgin saenghwal p’ungjo rŭl yup’o sik’inŭn chǒkdŭl ŭi ch’aekdong ŭl ch’ǒlchǒhi chitpusilte taehayǒ,” Pyongyang, 2005, 1. There is no reason to doubt the authenticity of the document, not least because it would be much less dull and repetitive if someone had forged it!
4. Ibid., 3-4.
5. Ibid., 4.
6. “Underground Christians Keep Faith in a Hostile North Korea,” Doug Struck, Washington Post, April 12, 2001.
7. Good Friends, 72.
8. “2005-nyǒn Pukhan,” Chosǒn ilbo, December 12, 2004.
PART II
Chapter Two
1. “Two Koreas’ Top Brass Resort to Racist Mudslinging,” Chosun Ilbo (English Language Edition), May 17, 2006.
2. This practice is still going strong. See for example the reference to North Korea as a “secretive Stalinist state” in Harden, “All Nuclear Efforts Disclosed, North Korea Says,” Washington Post, January 5, 2008.
3. Ch’oi, “ ‘Ta’minjok, tainjong sahoe,’ ” Rodong sinmun, April 27, 2006.
4. Sternhell, “Fascist Ideology,” 324.
5. Between January 1996 and December 2006 there were 575 KCNA articles referring to the motherland, and 1,930 referring to the fatherland. And yet one finds references to a motherland in other English-language sources, such as Choe In Su’s official biography of Kim Jong Il (see page 5 and elsewhere).
6. See for example, Sŏ Man-sul, “Ŏmŏni choguk e tŭrinŭn kŭl,” Rodong sinmun, September 17, 2003.
7. Pang Chae-sun, “Choguk ǔi p’um,” 70.
8. This summary derives primarily from the entry on Korean history in the official encyclopedia, Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn, 18:118-193.
9. The Denial of Death, 133.
10. There is a photograph in Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn, 18:128.
11. Ethnonationalism, 140.
12. North Korea’s first constitution (1948) still designated Seoul as the republic’s capital.
13. “P’yŏngyang ǔi nunbora,” 145.
14. “Chin’gyŏk ǔi narut’ŏ” (1971), in Pukhan misul 50-nyŏn, 144.
15. See the painting “Yugyŏk kŭn’gŏji naekka’esŏ” (1970) in Pukhan misul 50-nyŏn, 84. Kim Jong Il notoriously told Kim Dae Jung during the 2000 summit that women should stay home and do laundry. Ch’oi Chin-hŭi, “Puk ǔi yŏsŏng ch’abyŏl ŭn chongnyu to mant’a,” Nkchosun.com. August 5, 2005.
16. The motif of a South Korean man rescuing a countrywoman from a gang of menacing foreigners has been a staple of TV dramas for decades, as in the KBS drama Sarang handa, mian hada (Sorry, I love you, 2004)._
17. Kim Il Sung quoted in Widaehan suryŏng Kim Il-sǒng tongji ǔi pulmyŏl ǔi hyŏngmyŏng ŏpchŏk, 13. Kim Jong Il quoted in “Usuhan minjok yusan ǔi kalp’i sok esǒ,” Ch’ǒllima, November 2006, 87.
18. Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn, 18:125. See for example the entry for Confucianism (yugyo) in the same source, 26:353. Whereas serious historians in South Korea do not attribute an obsession with female modesty and chastity to all of Yi Dynasty society, but only to the Confucian yangban class, the North Koreans regard it as an instinct inherent to the entire race.
19. See for example Na P’ung-man’s short story, “Kong e kittŭn iyagi,” (1975), in the anthology Kŭm medal ǔi muge, Pyongyang, 2006, page 30. In the visual arts the North Koreans are shown towering over insect-like Yankees, but this is of course purely symbolic.
20. Kim is quoted in Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn, 18:118; “Rodong sinmun on Korean People’s Inexhaustible Mental Power,” KCNA, January 29, 2008. The article makes clear that the Korean people’s perseverance and fighting spirit are meant, not any special intelligence.
21. T’aeyang sungbae ǔi yŏngwŏnhan hwap’ok, 42-44; Bratzke, Kita Chosen ‘rakuen’ no zangai, 109.
22. Ryang, “The Great Mother Party” (Widaehan ŏmŏni tang), Rodong sinmun, October 3, 2003.
23. The poet is Kim Ch’ǒl. See “Kŭ p’um ŭl ttǒna mot sara sǒjǒngsi ǒmǒni rŭl ŭlp’ŭmyǒ,” KCNA, October 9 2003; “ǒmǒni,” Ch’ǒllima, October 2005, 12-13.
24. Fromm, Heart of Man, 107.
25. Weber, “Revolution? Counterrevolution? What Revolution?” 438.
26. Clark, The Soviet Novel, 15ff.
27. This “master plot” dates back to the very beginnings of so-called “proletarian” fiction in the 1920s.
28. “Kukchejŏk my